महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-118, verse-23

मम सर्वेऽपि राजानो जानन्त्येतन्महाव्रतम् ।
न शक्यो मामको हन्तुं यो मे स्याद्बाणगोचरे ॥२३॥

23. mama sarve'pi rājāno jānantyetanmahāvratam ,
na śakyo māmako hantuṁ yo me syādbāṇagocare.

23. mama sarve api rājānaḥ jānanti etat mahāvratam
na śakyaḥ māmakaḥ hantum yaḥ me syāt bāṇagocare

23. sarve api rājānaḥ mama etat mahāvratam jānanti
yaḥ me bāṇagocare syāt māmakaḥ na śakyaḥ hantum

23. All kings know this great vow of mine: "My arrow cannot fail to kill anyone who comes within its range."

Words meanings summery:

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• अपि (api) - even, also

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

• जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know

• एतत् (etat) - this

• महाव्रतम् (mahāvratam) - great vow

• न (na) - not

• शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - cannot be thwarted/prevented (able, possible (to be done), capable)

• मामकः (māmakaḥ) - my arrow (based on commentary) (my own, belonging to me)

• हन्तुम् (hantum) - to be thwarted in killing, to fail to kill (when used with 'na śakyaḥ') (to kill, to strike)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• मे (me) - my, to me, for me

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

• बाणगोचरे (bāṇagocare) - in the range of an arrow, within arrow's reach

Words meanings and morphology

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Used as an adjective here, modifying 'rājānaḥ'.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (Laṭ) of jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Adjective modifying 'mahāvratam'.

महाव्रतम् (mahāvratam) - great vow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahāvrata

mahāvrata - great vow, great sacred observance

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+vrata)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - cannot be thwarted/prevented (able, possible (to be done), capable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, able to be done

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Derived from root 'śak' (to be able) with the suffix '-ya'.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Used with infinitive 'hantum' to express capability/possibility.

मामकः (māmakaḥ) - my arrow (based on commentary) (my own, belonging to me)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of māmaka

māmaka - mine, my own, selfish

Derived from 'mama' (my) with suffix '-ka'.

Note: Here, it refers to Arjuna's arrow, implying its unfailing nature according to Nilakantha's commentary.

हन्तुम् (hantum) - to be thwarted in killing, to fail to kill (when used with 'na śakyaḥ') (to kill, to strike)

(verb)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root 'han'.

Root: han (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to the person who enters the arrow's range.

मे (me) - my, to me, for me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

बाणगोचरे (bāṇagocare) - in the range of an arrow, within arrow's reach

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bāṇagocara

bāṇagocara - range of an arrow, within reach of an arrow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṇa+gocara)

• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• gocara – range, sphere, object of sense, pasture ground
  noun (masculine)
  Root: go