महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-96, verse-48

तानर्दितान्रणे तेन राक्षसेन दुरात्मना ।
दृष्ट्वार्जुनसुतः संख्ये राक्षसं समुपाद्रवत् ॥४८॥

48. tānarditānraṇe tena rākṣasena durātmanā ,
dṛṣṭvārjunasutaḥ saṁkhye rākṣasaṁ samupādravat.

48. tān arditān raṇe tena rākṣasena durātmanā |
dṛṣṭvā arjunasutaḥ saṃkhye rākṣasam samupādravat

48. arjunasutaḥ tena durātmanā rākṣasena raṇe
arditān tān dṛṣṭvā saṃkhye rākṣasam samupādravat

48. Seeing them distressed in battle by that evil-minded demon, Arjuna's son attacked the demon in the conflict.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those (warriors) (those)

• अर्दितान् (arditān) - distressed, tormented, afflicted

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in conflict

• तेन (tena) - by that (demon) (by that, by him)

• राक्षसेन (rākṣasena) - by the demon

• दुरात्मना (durātmanā) - by the evil-minded (demon) (by the evil-minded, by the wicked)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

• अर्जुनसुतः (arjunasutaḥ) - Arjuna's son

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in conflict

• राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - the demon

• समुपाद्रवत् (samupādravat) - attacked, rushed towards

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those (warriors) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

अर्दितान् (arditān) - distressed, tormented, afflicted

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ardita

ardita - distressed, tormented, afflicted, pained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ṛd' (to pain, trouble)

Root: ṛd (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict, fight

तेन (tena) - by that (demon) (by that, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

राक्षसेन (rākṣasena) - by the demon

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, evil spirit

दुरात्मना (durātmanā) - by the evil-minded (demon) (by the evil-minded, by the wicked)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, malicious

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, mind (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Indeclinable participle formed with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अर्जुनसुतः (arjunasutaḥ) - Arjuna's son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjunasuta

arjunasuta - son of Arjuna

Compound type : tatpurusha (arjuna+suta)

• arjuna – Arjuna (a proper name, one of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son, child
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'sū' (to beget, produce)
  Root: sū (class 4)

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, conflict, war

राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - the demon

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, evil spirit

समुपाद्रवत् (samupādravat) - attacked, rushed towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of samupādrav

Formed from root 'dru' with prefixes 'sam' and 'upa' and 'ā'

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: dru (class 1)