महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-96, verse-20

तेन विद्राव्यमाणानि तव सैन्यानि संयुगे ।
चक्रुरार्तस्वरं घोरं पर्जन्यनिनदोपमम् ॥२०॥

20. tena vidrāvyamāṇāni tava sainyāni saṁyuge ,
cakrurārtasvaraṁ ghoraṁ parjanyaninadopamam.

20. tena vidrāvyamāṇāni tava sainyāni saṃyuge
cakruḥ ārtasvaram ghoram parjanyanina-dopamam

20. tena saṃyuge vidrāvyamāṇāni tava sainyāni
ghoram parjanyanina-dopamam ārtasvaram cakruḥ

20. Being routed by him in battle, your armies let out a terrible cry of distress, resembling the roar of a thundercloud.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by him (the attacker) (by him, by that)

• विद्राव्यमाणानि (vidrāvyamāṇāni) - being routed (being put to flight, being routed, being scattered)

• तव (tava) - your (Duryodhana's) (your, of you)

• सैन्यानि (sainyāni) - armies (armies, forces, troops)

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in conflict, in war)

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they let out (they did, they made)

• आर्तस्वरम् (ārtasvaram) - a terrible cry of distress (cry of distress, painful sound)

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, fierce)

• पर्जन्यनिन-दोपमम् (parjanyanina-dopamam) - resembling the roar of a thundercloud (like the sound of thunder, resembling a thunderous roar)

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by him (the attacker) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the agent causing the routing.

विद्राव्यमाणानि (vidrāvyamāṇāni) - being routed (being put to flight, being routed, being scattered)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of vidrāvyamāṇa

vidrāvyamāṇa - being driven away, being put to flight

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root drā (to run) with prefix vi, causal stem drāvaya, and suffix māna (passive).

Prefix: vi

Root: drā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies sainyāni.

तव (tava) - your (Duryodhana's) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

सैन्यानि (sainyāni) - armies (armies, forces, troops)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - army, host, military

Derived from senā (army) + ya suffix.

Note: Subject of cakruḥ.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in conflict, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, war, conflict

From saṃ-yuj (to join, to unite).

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Locative of place.

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they let out (they did, they made)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect active

From kṛ (root 8U), perfect tense, third person plural.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Verb for sainyāni.

आर्तस्वरम् (ārtasvaram) - a terrible cry of distress (cry of distress, painful sound)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārtasvara

ārtasvara - cry of distress, wail, lament

Compound: ārta (distressed) + svara (sound).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ārta+svara)

• ārta – distressed, afflicted, hurt
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go, to move) + kta suffix (irregular). Also from ard (to pain, afflict).
  Root: ṛ
• svara – sound, voice, tone
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of cakruḥ.

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, fierce)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, awful, fierce

Note: Qualifies ārtasvaram.

पर्जन्यनिन-दोपमम् (parjanyanina-dopamam) - resembling the roar of a thundercloud (like the sound of thunder, resembling a thunderous roar)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parjanyanina-dopama

parjanyanina-dopama - resembling the sound of a thundercloud

Compound: parjanya-ninada (sound of thundercloud) + upama (resembling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parjanyanina-da+upama)

• parjanyanina-da – sound of a thundercloud, thunder
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: parjanya (thundercloud) + ninada (sound).
• upama – resemblance, comparison, simile; like, similar to
  adjective

Note: Qualifies ārtasvaram.