महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-96, verse-42

सोऽतिविद्धो महाराज मुहूर्तमथ मारिष ।
प्रविवेश तमो दीर्घं पीडितस्तैर्महारथैः ॥४२॥

42. so'tividdho mahārāja muhūrtamatha māriṣa ,
praviveśa tamo dīrghaṁ pīḍitastairmahārathaiḥ.

42. saḥ atividdhaḥ mahārāja muhūrtam atha māriṣa
praviveśa tamaḥ dīrgham pīḍitaḥ taiḥ mahārathaiḥ

42. mahārāja māriṣa atha taiḥ mahārathaiḥ atividdhaḥ
pīḍitaḥ saḥ muhūrtam dīrgham tamaḥ praviveśa

42. O great king, O respected sir, he, deeply pierced and tormented by those great warriors, then for a moment entered a profound darkness (of unconsciousness).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अतिविद्धः (atividdhaḥ) - greatly pierced, deeply wounded

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king!

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

• मारिष (māriṣa) - O respected one, venerable sir

• प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - he entered

• तमः (tamaḥ) - unconsciousness (darkness)

• दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long, extended, profound

• पीडितः (pīḍitaḥ) - tormented, distressed, oppressed

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those

• महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by great warriors

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to Alambusa.

अतिविद्धः (atividdhaḥ) - greatly pierced, deeply wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atividdha

atividdha - greatly pierced, severely wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vyadh' (to pierce) with prefix 'ati-'.

Prefix: ati

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārājan

mahārājan - great king

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - moment, a short period of time

Note: Indicates duration of time.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

मारिष (māriṣa) - O respected one, venerable sir

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of māriṣa

māriṣa - gentleman, sir, venerable one

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, similar to rājan.

प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - he entered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of viś

Perfect Tense form of 'viś' with prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

तमः (tamaḥ) - unconsciousness (darkness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance

Note: Object of 'praviveśa'.

दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long, extended, profound

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, extended, deep, prolonged

Note: Agrees with 'tamaḥ'.

पीडितः (pīḍitaḥ) - tormented, distressed, oppressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīḍita

pīḍita - tormented, afflicted, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'pīḍ' (to torment, oppress).

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the great warriors.

महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by great warriors

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, one who can fight ten thousand warriors

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (from charioteer)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'pīḍitaḥ'.