महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-96, verse-28

कार्ष्णिश्चापि मुदा युक्तः प्रगृहीतशरासनः ।
नृत्यन्निव रथोपस्थे तद्रक्षः समुपाद्रवत् ॥२८॥

28. kārṣṇiścāpi mudā yuktaḥ pragṛhītaśarāsanaḥ ,
nṛtyanniva rathopasthe tadrakṣaḥ samupādravat.

28. kārṣṇiḥ ca api mudā yuktaḥ pragṛhītaśarāsanaḥ
nṛtyan iva rathopasthe tat rakṣaḥ samupādravat

28. kārṣṇiḥ ca api mudā yuktaḥ pragṛhītaśarāsanaḥ
rathopasthe nṛtyan iva tat rakṣaḥ samupādravat

28. Pradyumna (kārṣṇi), full of joy and holding his bow, rushed towards that demon, as if dancing on his chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• कार्ष्णिः (kārṣṇiḥ) - Pradyumna (son of Kṛṣṇa) (son of Kṛṣṇa, descendant of Kṛṣṇa)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• मुदा (mudā) - with joy (with joy, delightedly)

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - filled with, endowed with (joined, endowed with, engaged in, connected)

• प्रगृहीतशरासनः (pragṛhītaśarāsanaḥ) - holding his bow (having taken up a bow, one whose bow is grasped)

• नृत्यन् (nṛtyan) - as if dancing (dancing, while dancing)

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as if, as)

• रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - on his chariot (on the chariot seat/platform)

• तत् (tat) - that

• रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - demon (demon, rākṣasa)

• समुपाद्रवत् (samupādravat) - rushed towards, attacked

Words meanings and morphology

कार्ष्णिः (kārṣṇiḥ) - Pradyumna (son of Kṛṣṇa) (son of Kṛṣṇa, descendant of Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārṣṇi

kārṣṇi - descendant of Kṛṣṇa, son of Kṛṣṇa

Patronymic (aṇ suffix) from Kṛṣṇa

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

मुदा (mudā) - with joy (with joy, delightedly)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mud

mud - joy, delight, pleasure

From root mud- 'to rejoice'.

Root: mud (class 1)

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - filled with, endowed with (joined, endowed with, engaged in, connected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, endowed with, engaged, proper, attentive

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yuj- 'to join', with -ta suffix.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies Kārṣṇiḥ.

प्रगृहीतशरासनः (pragṛhītaśarāsanaḥ) - holding his bow (having taken up a bow, one whose bow is grasped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pragṛhītaśarāsana

pragṛhītaśarāsana - one who has grasped a bow

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pragṛhīta+śarāsana)

• pragṛhīta – grasped, taken, held
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root grah- 'to grasp' with prefix pra- and suffix -ta.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: grah (class 9)
• śarāsana – bow (arrow-seat)
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of śara (arrow) and āsana (seat).

Note: Qualifies Kārṣṇiḥ.

नृत्यन् (nṛtyan) - as if dancing (dancing, while dancing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛtyat

nṛtyat - dancing

Present Active Participle

From root nṛt- 'to dance', with -śatṛ suffix.

Root: nṛt (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Kārṣṇiḥ.

इव (iva) - as if (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - on his chariot (on the chariot seat/platform)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - chariot platform, part of a chariot

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• upastha – seat, lap, proximity
  noun (masculine)
  From upa- 'near' and sthā- 'to stand'.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Location of the action.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Qualifies rakṣaḥ.

रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - demon (demon, rākṣasa)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, evil spirit, rākṣasa

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of the verb.

समुपाद्रवत् (samupādravat) - rushed towards, attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of samupādra

Imperfect

From root dru- 'to run' with prefixes sam- and upa- and ā-. 3rd person singular active imperfect.

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: dru (class 1)