महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-96, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
अभिमन्यू रथोदारः पिशङ्गैस्तुरगोत्तमैः ।
अभिदुद्राव तेजस्वी दुर्योधनबलं महत् ।
विकिरञ्शरवर्षाणि वारिधारा इवाम्बुदः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
abhimanyū rathodāraḥ piśaṅgaisturagottamaiḥ ,
abhidudrāva tejasvī duryodhanabalaṁ mahat ,
vikirañśaravarṣāṇi vāridhārā ivāmbudaḥ.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca abhimanyuḥ rathodāraḥ
piśaṅgaiḥ turagottamaiḥ abhidudrāva
tejasvī duryodhanabalam mahat vikiran
śaravarṣāṇi vāridhārāḥ iva ambudaḥ

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tejasvī abhimanyuḥ
rathodāraḥ piśaṅgaiḥ turagottamaiḥ (yutaḥ)
vikiran śaravarṣāṇi ambudaḥ vāridhārāḥ
iva mahat duryodhanabalam abhidudrāva

1. Saṃjaya said: Radiant Abhimanyu, riding a magnificent chariot drawn by excellent tawny horses, attacked Duryodhana's great army, scattering showers of arrows like a cloud scattering streams of water.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya (the narrator) (Saṃjaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• अभिमन्युः (abhimanyuḥ) - Abhimanyu (son of Arjuna) (Abhimanyu)

• रथोदारः (rathodāraḥ) - riding a magnificent chariot (having a magnificent chariot)

• पिशङ्गैः (piśaṅgaiḥ) - by tawny (horses) (by tawny ones, by reddish-brown ones)

• तुरगोत्तमैः (turagottamaiḥ) - by excellent horses (by excellent horses, by best horses)

• अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - attacked (attacked, rushed towards, assailed)

• तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - radiant (Abhimanyu) (radiant, fiery, glorious, powerful)

• दुर्योधनबलम् (duryodhanabalam) - Duryodhana's army (Duryodhana's army, Duryodhana's strength)

• महत् (mahat) - great (army) (great, large, mighty)

• विकिरन् (vikiran) - scattering (scattering, spreading)

• शरवर्षाणि (śaravarṣāṇi) - showers of arrows (showers of arrows, arrow-rain)

• वारिधाराः (vāridhārāḥ) - streams of water (streams of water, water currents)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as)

• अम्बुदः (ambudaḥ) - a cloud (cloud (lit. 'water-giver'))

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya (the narrator) (Saṃjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjoy (proper noun)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अभिमन्युः (abhimanyuḥ) - Abhimanyu (son of Arjuna) (Abhimanyu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhimanyu

abhimanyu - Abhimanyu (proper noun), son of Arjuna and Subhadrā

Note: Subject of the sentence.

रथोदारः (rathodāraḥ) - riding a magnificent chariot (having a magnificent chariot)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathodāra

rathodāra - having a magnificent or excellent chariot

Compound type : bahuvrīhi/tatpuruṣa (ratha+udāra)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram
• udāra – magnificent, noble, generous, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'Abhimanyuḥ'.

पिशङ्गैः (piśaṅgaiḥ) - by tawny (horses) (by tawny ones, by reddish-brown ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of piśaṅga

piśaṅga - tawny, reddish-brown, yellowish-red

Note: Modifies 'turagottamaiḥ'.

तुरगोत्तमैः (turagottamaiḥ) - by excellent horses (by excellent horses, by best horses)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of turagottama

turagottama - best of horses, excellent horse

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (turaga+uttama)

• turaga – horse (lit. 'going quickly')
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Indicates the means of movement for Abhimanyu's chariot.

अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - attacked (attacked, rushed towards, assailed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dru

Root 'dru' with prefix 'abhi'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - radiant (Abhimanyu) (radiant, fiery, glorious, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tejasvin

tejasvin - radiant, brilliant, energetic, powerful, glorious

Possessive adjective from 'tejas' (splendor, energy).

Note: Modifies 'Abhimanyuḥ'.

दुर्योधनबलम् (duryodhanabalam) - Duryodhana's army (Duryodhana's army, Duryodhana's strength)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duryodhanabala

duryodhanabala - Duryodhana's army or strength

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (duryodhana+bala)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (proper noun), name of the eldest Kaurava prince
  proper noun (masculine)
• bala – strength, power, force, army
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'abhidudrāva'.

महत् (mahat) - great (army) (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty

Note: Modifies 'duryodhanabalam'.

विकिरन् (vikiran) - scattering (scattering, spreading)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikirat

vikirat - scattering, dispersing, spreading

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to scatter) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'Abhimanyuḥ'.

शरवर्षाणि (śaravarṣāṇi) - showers of arrows (showers of arrows, arrow-rain)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows, rain of arrows

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower, year
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛṣ

Note: Object of 'vikiran'.

वारिधाराः (vāridhārāḥ) - streams of water (streams of water, water currents)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vāridhārā

vāridhārā - stream of water, cascade

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vāri+dhārā)

• vāri – water
  noun (neuter)
• dhārā – stream, flow, current
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dhṛ

Note: Used in comparison to 'śaravarṣāṇi'.

इव (iva) - like (like, as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison, forming 'ivāmbujaḥ' in sandhi.

अम्बुदः (ambudaḥ) - a cloud (cloud (lit. 'water-giver'))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ambuda

ambuda - cloud (giver of water)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (ambu+da)

• ambu – water
  noun (neuter)
• da – giver, bestower
  suffix/noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'dā' (to give).
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject of comparison to Abhimanyu.