महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-13, verse-45

स राहुश्छादयत्येतौ यथाकालं महत्तया ।
चन्द्रादित्यौ महाराज संक्षेपोऽयमुदाहृतः ॥४५॥

45. sa rāhuśchādayatyetau yathākālaṁ mahattayā ,
candrādityau mahārāja saṁkṣepo'yamudāhṛtaḥ.

45. saḥ rāhuḥ chādayati etau yathākālam mahattayā
| candrādityau mahārāja saṃkṣepaḥ ayam udāhṛtaḥ

45. mahārāja saḥ rāhuḥ mahattayā yathākālam etau
candrādityau chādayati ayam saṃkṣepaḥ udāhṛtaḥ

45. O great king (mahārāja), that Rāhu eclipses (chādayati) these two, the Moon and the Sun (candrāditya), periodically (yathākālam) due to its great size (mahattā). This (ayam) brief account (saṃkṣepa) has been declared (udāhṛta).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that [Rāhu] (he, that)

• राहुः (rāhuḥ) - Rahu (a celestial body/node causing eclipses)

• छादयति (chādayati) - eclipses (covers, conceals, eclipses)

• एतौ (etau) - these two (the Moon and the Sun) (these two)

• यथाकालम् (yathākālam) - at the proper time, periodically, in due season

• महत्तया (mahattayā) - by greatness, due to its great size

• चन्द्रादित्यौ (candrādityau) - the Moon and the Sun

• महाराज (mahārāja) - addressee, likely Dhritarashtra (O great king)

• संक्षेपः (saṁkṣepaḥ) - summary, brief account, abridgment

• अयम् (ayam) - this [account] (this, he)

• उदाहृतः (udāhṛtaḥ) - declared, stated, cited, exemplified

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that [Rāhu] (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

राहुः (rāhuḥ) - Rahu (a celestial body/node causing eclipses)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāhu

rāhu - Rahu (mythological entity causing eclipses)

छादयति (chādayati) - eclipses (covers, conceals, eclipses)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of chad

Causative form

Root √chad in causative (ṇic) form.

Root: chad (class 10)

एतौ (etau) - these two (the Moon and the Sun) (these two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of etad

etad - this

यथाकालम् (yathākālam) - at the proper time, periodically, in due season

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+kāla)

• yathā – as, just as, in what manner
  indeclinable
• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)

महत्तया (mahattayā) - by greatness, due to its great size

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mahattā

mahattā - greatness, magnitude, importance

Derived from 'mahat' with the feminine suffix '-tā'.

चन्द्रादित्यौ (candrādityau) - the Moon and the Sun

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of candrāditya

candrāditya - the Moon and the Sun (a dual compound)

Compound type : dvandva (candra+āditya)

• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)
• āditya – sun, son of Aditi
  noun (masculine)

महाराज (mahārāja) - addressee, likely Dhritarashtra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

संक्षेपः (saṁkṣepaḥ) - summary, brief account, abridgment

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkṣepa

saṁkṣepa - summary, brief account, abridgment, contraction

Derived from root √kṣip with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: kṣip (class 6)

अयम् (ayam) - this [account] (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he/she/it

उदाहृतः (udāhṛtaḥ) - declared, stated, cited, exemplified

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udāhṛta

udāhṛta - declared, stated, cited, exemplified

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √hṛ with prefixes ud and ā.

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)