महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-13, verse-49

यः शृणोति महीपाल पर्वणीदं यतव्रतः ।
प्रीयन्ते पितरस्तस्य तथैव च पितामहाः ॥४९॥

49. yaḥ śṛṇoti mahīpāla parvaṇīdaṁ yatavrataḥ ,
prīyante pitarastasya tathaiva ca pitāmahāḥ.

49. yaḥ śṛṇoti mahīpāla parvaṇī idam yata-vrataḥ |
prīyante pitaraḥ tasya tathā eva ca pitāmahāḥ

49. mahīpāla,
yaḥ yata-vrataḥ idam parvaṇī śṛṇoti,
tasya pitaraḥ tathā eva ca pitāmahāḥ prīyante

49. O protector of the earth, whoever listens to this `Parva` with vows observed, his ancestors and great-grandfathers are pleased.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

• शृणोति (śṛṇoti) - listens to (hears, listens)

• महीपाल (mahīpāla) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (as protector of the earth) (O protector of the earth, O king)

• पर्वणी (parvaṇī) - this section (of the Mahābhārata) (section, chapter)

• इदम् (idam) - this (parva) (this)

• यत-व्रतः (yata-vrataḥ) - one who has disciplined vows, observing religious commitments (one who has restrained vows, observant of vows)

• प्रीयन्ते (prīyante) - are pleased, gratified (are pleased, become content)

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - paternal ancestors (fathers, ancestors)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that person (who listens) (his, of him)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, in the same way (so, thus, in that manner)

• एव (eva) - also, indeed (only, indeed, certainly)

• च (ca) - and

• पितामहाः (pitāmahāḥ) - paternal grandfathers (or great-grandfathers) (grandfathers, great-grandfathers)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Subject of `śṛṇoti`.

शृणोति (śṛṇoti) - listens to (hears, listens)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śru

present active

Root `śru`, class 5.

Root: śru (class 5)

महीपाल (mahīpāla) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (as protector of the earth) (O protector of the earth, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - protector of the earth, king, sovereign

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root `pā` (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

पर्वणी (parvaṇī) - this section (of the Mahābhārata) (section, chapter)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parvan

parvan - knot, joint, section, chapter, festival day

Note: Object of `śṛṇoti`.

इदम् (idam) - this (parva) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Modifies `parvaṇī`.

यत-व्रतः (yata-vrataḥ) - one who has disciplined vows, observing religious commitments (one who has restrained vows, observant of vows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yata-vrata

yata-vrata - having restrained vows, devout, ascetic

Bahuvrīhi compound: `yata` (restrained) + `vrata` (vow).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yata+vrata)

• yata – restrained, controlled, disciplined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `yam` (to restrain).
  Root: yam (class 1)
• vrata – vow, religious observance, sacred duty
  noun (neuter)

प्रीयन्ते (prīyante) - are pleased, gratified (are pleased, become content)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of prī

present middle

Root `prī`, class 9 (ātmanepada).

Root: prī (class 9)

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - paternal ancestors (fathers, ancestors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

तस्य (tasya) - of that person (who listens) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `yaḥ`.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, in the same way (so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

एव (eva) - also, indeed (only, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

पितामहाः (pitāmahāḥ) - paternal grandfathers (or great-grandfathers) (grandfathers, great-grandfathers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, great-grandfather

Compound: `pitṛ` (father) + `maha` (great/venerable).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, mighty, venerable
  adjective (masculine)