महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-13, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
उत्तरेषु तु कौरव्य द्वीपेषु श्रूयते कथा ।
यथाश्रुतं महाराज ब्रुवतस्तन्निबोध मे ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
uttareṣu tu kauravya dvīpeṣu śrūyate kathā ,
yathāśrutaṁ mahārāja bruvatastannibodha me.

1. sañjaya uvāca uttareṣu tu kauravya dvīpeṣu śrūyate
kathā yathāśrutam mahārāja bruvataḥ tat nibodha me

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca.
kauravya,
uttareṣu dvīpeṣu tu kathā śrūyate.
mahārāja,
yathāśrutam bruvataḥ me tat nibodha.

1. Sañjaya said: "But, O descendant of Kuru, a story is heard regarding the northern islands. O great king, please understand that (story) from me as I narrate it, exactly as it was heard."

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• उत्तरेषु (uttareṣu) - in the northern, in the later

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• कौरव्य (kauravya) - O descendant of Kuru

• द्वीपेषु (dvīpeṣu) - in the islands, in the continents

• श्रूयते (śrūyate) - is heard

• कथा (kathā) - story, tale

• यथाश्रुतम् (yathāśrutam) - as heard, according to what has been heard

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - from the one who is speaking, while speaking

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, comprehend, listen

• मे (me) - from me (from me, to me)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer)

Note: The actual form is 'sañjayaḥ', but often the visarga is dropped in sandhi.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense (lit) form of root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

उत्तरेषु (uttareṣu) - in the northern, in the later

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of uttara

uttara - northern, upper, later, subsequent, superior

Note: Agrees with 'dvīpeṣu'.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

कौरव्य (kauravya) - O descendant of Kuru

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kauravya

kauravya - a descendant of Kuru, belonging to Kuru

Derivative of Kuru.

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

द्वीपेषु (dvīpeṣu) - in the islands, in the continents

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dvīpa

dvīpa - island, continent, region

श्रूयते (śrūyate) - is heard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śru

Present passive middle voice, 3rd person singular.

Root: śru (class 5)

कथा (kathā) - story, tale

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narrative, discourse

यथाश्रुतम् (yathāśrutam) - as heard, according to what has been heard

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+śruta)

• yathā – as, according to, in which manner
  indeclinable
• śruta – heard, listened, revelation
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'śru' (to hear).
  Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Adverbial usage of accusative neuter singular.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārājan

mahārājan - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Vocative of 'mahārājan'.

ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - from the one who is speaking, while speaking

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root 'brū' (to speak).

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'me' (implied by context).

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Object of 'nibodha'.

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, comprehend, listen

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Imperative 2nd person singular active of root 'budh' with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

मे (me) - from me (from me, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Can be dative or genitive. Here, it is used in the sense of 'from me' or 'belonging to me', functioning with 'bruvataḥ' and 'nibodha'.