महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-13, verse-43

सूर्यस्त्वष्टौ सहस्राणि द्वे चान्ये कुरुनन्दन ।
विष्कम्भेण ततो राजन्मण्डलं त्रिंशतं समम् ॥४३॥

43. sūryastvaṣṭau sahasrāṇi dve cānye kurunandana ,
viṣkambheṇa tato rājanmaṇḍalaṁ triṁśataṁ samam.

43. sūryaḥ tu aṣṭau sahasrāṇi dve ca anye kurunandana
| viṣkambheṇa tataḥ rājan maṇḍalam triṃśatam samam

43. kurunandana rājan sūryaḥ tu aṣṭau sahasrāṇi dve ca
anye tataḥ maṇḍalam viṣkambheṇa triṃśatam samam

43. O delight of the Kurus (kurunandana), the Sun is indeed [measured as] eight thousand [yojanas in height] and two thousand other [yojanas in breadth]. Then, O King (rājan), its disk's diameter is precisely thirty thousand [yojanas].

Words meanings summery:

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun, the solar deity

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, however, on the other hand

• अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight

• सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

• द्वे (dve) - two

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अन्ये (anye) - other [thousands] (other, another)

• कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - addressee, likely Dhritarashtra or Yudhishthira (O delight of the Kurus, O scion of Kuru)

• विष्कम्भेण (viṣkambheṇa) - by diameter, in terms of diameter

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that, therefore

• राजन् (rājan) - addressee, likely Dhritarashtra (O king)

• मण्डलम् (maṇḍalam) - the sun's disk (disk, orb, sphere, circle)

• त्रिंशतम् (triṁśatam) - thirty thousand (yojanas implied) (thirty)

• समम् (samam) - precisely, exactly (equal, even, precise, exactly)

Words meanings and morphology

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun, the solar deity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, solar deity

तु (tu) - indeed, but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of aṣṭan

aṣṭan - eight

सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sahasra

sahasra - thousand

द्वे (dve) - two

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, dual of dvi

dvi - two

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अन्ये (anye) - other [thousands] (other, another)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, dual of anya

anya - other, another, different

कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - addressee, likely Dhritarashtra or Yudhishthira (O delight of the Kurus, O scion of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kurunandana

kurunandana - delight of the Kurus, scion of Kuru

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+nandana)

• kuru – Kuru (an ancient king, ancestor of a dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – delight, son, child
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nand (class 1)

विष्कम्भेण (viṣkambheṇa) - by diameter, in terms of diameter

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viṣkambha

viṣkambha - diameter, breadth, obstacle

Prefix: vi

Root: skambh (class 5)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that, therefore

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - addressee, likely Dhritarashtra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

मण्डलम् (maṇḍalam) - the sun's disk (disk, orb, sphere, circle)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maṇḍala

maṇḍala - disk, orb, circle, sphere, region

त्रिंशतम् (triṁśatam) - thirty thousand (yojanas implied) (thirty)

(adjective)

Accusative of triṃśat

triṁśat - thirty

समम् (samam) - precisely, exactly (equal, even, precise, exactly)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sama

sama - equal, even, similar, same, just, precise