महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-13, verse-44

अष्टपञ्चाशतं राजन्विपुलत्वेन चानघ ।
श्रूयते परमोदारः पतंगोऽसौ विभावसुः ।
एतत्प्रमाणमर्कस्य निर्दिष्टमिह भारत ॥४४॥

44. aṣṭapañcāśataṁ rājanvipulatvena cānagha ,
śrūyate paramodāraḥ pataṁgo'sau vibhāvasuḥ ,
etatpramāṇamarkasya nirdiṣṭamiha bhārata.

44. aṣṭapañcāśatam rājan vipulatvena
ca anagha | śrūyate paramodāraḥ
pataṅgaḥ asau vibhāvasuḥ | etat
pramāṇam arkasya nirdeṣṭam iha bhārata

44. rājan anagha asau pataṅgaḥ vibhāvasuḥ
vipulatvena aṣṭapañcāśatam
paramodāraḥ śrūyate ca bhārata
iha arkasya etat pramāṇam nirdeṣṭam

44. O King (rājan), O sinless one (anagha), its circumference (vipulatva) is fifty-eight thousand [yojanas]. That exceedingly vast (paramodāra) Sun (pataṅga, vibhāvasu) is thus heard. This measure of the Sun (arka) has been declared here, O Bhārata (bhārata).

Words meanings summery:

• अष्टपञ्चाशतम् (aṣṭapañcāśatam) - fifty-eight thousand (yojanas implied) (fifty-eight)

• राजन् (rājan) - addressee, likely Dhritarashtra (O king)

• विपुलत्वेन (vipulatvena) - by breadth, by vastness, by circumference

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अनघ (anagha) - addressee, likely Dhritarashtra (O sinless one, O faultless one)

• श्रूयते (śrūyate) - is heard, is said, is revealed

• परमोदारः (paramodāraḥ) - exceedingly vast (referring to the Sun's magnitude) (exceedingly vast, supremely generous, very noble)

• पतङ्गः (pataṅgaḥ) - the Sun (the sun, bird, insect)

• असौ (asau) - that [Sun] (that one, he)

• विभावसुः (vibhāvasuḥ) - the Sun (the sun, fire, luminous, glorious)

• एतत् (etat) - this

• प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - measure, dimension (measure, dimension, authority, standard)

• अर्कस्य (arkasya) - of the Sun (of the sun, of a ray, of a plant)

• निर्देष्टम् (nirdeṣṭam) - specified, declared, indicated

• इह (iha) - here, in this account (here, in this world, in this context)

• भारत (bhārata) - addressee, likely Dhritarashtra (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

अष्टपञ्चाशतम् (aṣṭapañcāśatam) - fifty-eight thousand (yojanas implied) (fifty-eight)

(adjective)

Accusative of aṣṭapañcāśat

aṣṭapañcāśat - fifty-eight

Compound type : dvandva (aṣṭa+pañcāśat)

• aṣṭa – eight
  adjective
• pañcāśat – fifty
  adjective (feminine)

राजन् (rājan) - addressee, likely Dhritarashtra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

विपुलत्वेन (vipulatvena) - by breadth, by vastness, by circumference

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vipulatva

vipulatva - breadth, vastness, circumference

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अनघ (anagha) - addressee, likely Dhritarashtra (O sinless one, O faultless one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, faultless, pure

Compound type : bahuvrihi (na+agha)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• agha – sin, evil, fault, suffering
  noun (neuter)

श्रूयते (śrūyate) - is heard, is said, is revealed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śru

Passive/Middle voice form of the root.

Root: śru (class 5)

परमोदारः (paramodāraḥ) - exceedingly vast (referring to the Sun's magnitude) (exceedingly vast, supremely generous, very noble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramodāra

paramodāra - exceedingly vast, supremely generous, very noble

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+udāra)

• parama – highest, supreme, excellent, exceedingly
  adjective (masculine)
• udāra – generous, noble, liberal, vast, great
  adjective (masculine)

पतङ्गः (pataṅgaḥ) - the Sun (the sun, bird, insect)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pataṅga

pataṅga - sun, bird, insect

असौ (asau) - that [Sun] (that one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, yonder, he/she/it

विभावसुः (vibhāvasuḥ) - the Sun (the sun, fire, luminous, glorious)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vibhāvasu

vibhāvasu - the sun, fire, luminous, glorious

Prefix: vi

Root: bhā (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - measure, dimension (measure, dimension, authority, standard)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pramāṇa

pramāṇa - measure, dimension, proof, authority, standard

Prefix: pra

Root: mā (class 2)

अर्कस्य (arkasya) - of the Sun (of the sun, of a ray, of a plant)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of arka

arka - the sun, ray, fire, a plant (Calotropis gigantea)

निर्देष्टम् (nirdeṣṭam) - specified, declared, indicated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirdeṣṭa

nirdeṣṭa - specified, declared, indicated, described

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √diś with prefix nir.

Prefix: nir

Root: diś (class 6)

इह (iha) - here, in this account (here, in this world, in this context)

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - addressee, likely Dhritarashtra (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, India