महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-30, verse-8

स्वाध्यायिनो ब्राह्मणा भिक्षवश्च तपस्विनो ये च नित्या वनेषु ।
अभिवाद्या वै मद्वचनेन वृद्धास्तथेतरेषां कुशलं वदेथाः ॥८॥

8. svādhyāyino brāhmaṇā bhikṣavaśca; tapasvino ye ca nityā vaneṣu ,
abhivādyā vai madvacanena vṛddhā;stathetareṣāṁ kuśalaṁ vadethāḥ.

8. svādhyāyinaḥ brāhmaṇāḥ bhikṣavaḥ
ca tapasvinaḥ ye ca nityāḥ vaneṣu
abhivādyāḥ vai madvacanena vṛddhāḥ
tathā itareṣām kuśalam vadethāḥ

8. You should greet, on my behalf, the Vedic scholars (svādhyāyin), the Brahmins, the mendicants, and also the ascetics who always dwell in the forests. Furthermore, you should greet the elders, and likewise, you should inquire about the welfare of the others.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वाध्यायिनः (svādhyāyinaḥ) - Vedic scholars, those who study sacred texts

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins

• भिक्षवः (bhikṣavaḥ) - mendicants, monks

• च (ca) - and, also

• तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - ascetics, those who perform austerities (tapas)

• ये (ye) - who (plural)

• च (ca) - and, also

• नित्याः (nityāḥ) - always, constantly dwelling

• वनेषु (vaneṣu) - in the forests

• अभिवाद्याः (abhivādyāḥ) - to be greeted, to be saluted

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

• मद्वचनेन (madvacanena) - by my words, on my behalf

• वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - elders, old ones

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, and, likewise

• इतरेषाम् (itareṣām) - of others

• कुशलम् (kuśalam) - welfare, well-being, health

• वदेथाः (vadethāḥ) - you should speak, you should ask

Words meanings and morphology

स्वाध्यायिनः (svādhyāyinaḥ) - Vedic scholars, those who study sacred texts

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svādhyāyin

svādhyāyin - one who studies sacred texts, a Vedic student

From svādhyāya (self-study, Veda study) + -in (possessive suffix)

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

भिक्षवः (bhikṣavaḥ) - mendicants, monks

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhikṣu

bhikṣu - mendicant, beggar, monk, almsman

From root bhikṣ (to beg)

Root: bhikṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - ascetics, those who perform austerities (tapas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, one who practices austerities (tapas)

From tapas (austerity) + -vin (possessive suffix)

ये (ye) - who (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which

Note: Refers to the svādhyāyinaḥ, brāhmaṇāḥ, bhikṣavaḥ, and tapasvinaḥ.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नित्याः (nityāḥ) - always, constantly dwelling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nitya

nitya - constant, perpetual, eternal, always

Note: Qualifies the preceding nouns (svādhyāyinaḥ, brāhmaṇāḥ, etc.).

वनेषु (vaneṣu) - in the forests

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

अभिवाद्याः (abhivādyāḥ) - to be greeted, to be saluted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhivādya

abhivādya - to be saluted, to be greeted, venerable, respectful

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root vad (to speak, to salute) with upasarga abhi.

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective, implying 'they are to be greeted'.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

मद्वचनेन (madvacanena) - by my words, on my behalf

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of madvacana

madvacana - my word, my instruction, on my behalf

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mat+vacana)

• mat – my, of me, by me
  pronoun
  Stem of asmad (I), used here as possessive/genitive or instrumental in a compound.
• vacana – word, speech, instruction, saying
  noun (neuter)
  From root vac (to speak).
  Root: vac (class 2)

वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - elders, old ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, respected elder

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛdh (to grow, to increase).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Also to be greeted (abhivādyāḥ).

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, and, likewise

(indeclinable)

इतरेषाम् (itareṣām) - of others

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of itara

itara - other, different, another

कुशलम् (kuśalam) - welfare, well-being, health

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kuśala

kuśala - well-being, welfare, skill, auspiciousness

Note: Object of 'vadethāḥ'.

वदेथाः (vadethāḥ) - you should speak, you should ask

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vad

Optative

Second person singular, Ātmanepada, Optative mood.

Root: vad (class 1)