महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-30, verse-21

अर्हत्तमः कुरुषु सौमदत्तिः स नो भ्राता संजय मत्सखा च ।
महेष्वासो रथिनामुत्तमो यः सहामात्यः कुशलं तस्य पृच्छेः ॥२१॥

21. arhattamaḥ kuruṣu saumadattiḥ; sa no bhrātā saṁjaya matsakhā ca ,
maheṣvāso rathināmuttamo yaḥ; sahāmātyaḥ kuśalaṁ tasya pṛccheḥ.

21. arhattamaḥ kuruṣu saumadattiḥ saḥ
naḥ bhrātā saṃjaya mat sakhā ca
mahā-iṣvāsaḥ rathinām uttamaḥ yaḥ
saha-āmātyaḥ kuśalam tasya pṛccheḥ

21. Sañjaya, Somadatta's son (Bhūriśravas), who is the most worthy among the Kurus, is our brother and my friend. He is a great archer and the best of charioteers, accompanied by his ministers; you should inquire about his well-being.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्हत्तमः (arhattamaḥ) - most worthy (most worthy, most deserving)

• कुरुषु (kuruṣu) - among the Kurus (the clan) (among the Kurus, in the country of the Kurus)

• सौमदत्तिः (saumadattiḥ) - son of Somadatta (Bhūriśravas) (son of Somadatta)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Saumadatti) (he, that)

• नः (naḥ) - our (referring to the speaker, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and his family) (our, to us, by us)

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (the charioteer and narrator) (O Sañjaya (a proper name))

• मत् (mat) - my (referring to the speaker, Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (my, of me)

• सखा (sakhā) - friend (friend, companion)

• च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

• महा-इष्वासः (mahā-iṣvāsaḥ) - a great archer (great archer)

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers (of charioteers, of warriors in chariots)

• उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - best, most excellent (best, highest, supreme, excellent)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (referring back to Saumadatti) (who, which, what)

• सह-आमात्यः (saha-āmātyaḥ) - accompanied by his ministers (accompanied by ministers, with ministers)

• कुशलम् (kuśalam) - well-being, health (well-being, welfare, health, skillful)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Saumadatti) (of him, his, of that)

• पृच्छेः (pṛccheḥ) - you should inquire (addressed to Sañjaya) (you should ask, you should inquire)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्हत्तमः (arhattamaḥ) - most worthy (most worthy, most deserving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arhattama

arhattama - most worthy, most deserving, most respectable

Superlative of 'arhat' (worthy), using suffix '-tama'

कुरुषु (kuruṣu) - among the Kurus (the clan) (among the Kurus, in the country of the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - name of an ancient king, name of a tribe/lineage, Kuru kingdom

Note: Refers to the Kuru lineage, indicating prominence within the clan.

सौमदत्तिः (saumadattiḥ) - son of Somadatta (Bhūriśravas) (son of Somadatta)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saumadatti

saumadatti - son of Somadatta

Patronymic from Somadatta

Note: Specifically refers to Bhūriśravas, son of Somadatta.

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Saumadatti) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

नः (naḥ) - our (referring to the speaker, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and his family) (our, to us, by us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of vayam

vayam - we, us, our

Note: Enclitic form of the pronoun 'asmad' (we).

भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother, kinsman

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya (the charioteer and narrator) (O Sañjaya (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - victory, complete triumph; a proper name

From 'saṃ-ji' (to conquer completely)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: The speaker, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, addresses Sañjaya.

मत् (mat) - my (referring to the speaker, Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, me, myself

Note: Original stem 'mad' becomes 'mat' due to sandhi before 's'.

सखा (sakhā) - friend (friend, companion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion, comrade

च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

महा-इष्वासः (mahā-iṣvāsaḥ) - a great archer (great archer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahā-iṣvāsa

mahā-iṣvāsa - great archer, one with a mighty bow

Compound 'mahā' (great) and 'iṣvāsa' (bow-man, archer)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (masculine)
• iṣvāsa – archer, bowman
  noun (masculine)
  From 'iṣu' (arrow) and 'as' (to throw)
  Root: as (class 4)

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers (of charioteers, of warriors in chariots)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot, possessor of a chariot

From 'ratha' (chariot) + suffix '-in'

उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - best, most excellent (best, highest, supreme, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - best, highest, supreme, excellent, chief

Superlative from 'ud' (upwards) or 'ut' (superior)

यः (yaḥ) - who (referring back to Saumadatti) (who, which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

सह-आमात्यः (saha-āmātyaḥ) - accompanied by his ministers (accompanied by ministers, with ministers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saha-āmātya

saha-āmātya - accompanied by ministers, with his companions

Bahuvrīhi compound 'saha' (with) and 'āmātya' (minister)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+āmātya)

• saha – with, together with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• āmātya – minister, counselor, companion
  noun (masculine)

Note: This describes Saumadatti (Bhūriśravas).

कुशलम् (kuśalam) - well-being, health (well-being, welfare, health, skillful)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kuśala

kuśala - well-being, welfare, health, prosperity; skillful, clever

Note: Used as the object of 'pṛccheḥ' (inquire).

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Saumadatti) (of him, his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पृच्छेः (pṛccheḥ) - you should inquire (addressed to Sañjaya) (you should ask, you should inquire)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of prach

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: The optative mood expresses a command or exhortation.