महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-30, verse-5

न मर्मगां जातु वक्तासि रूक्षां नोपस्तुतिं कटुकां नोत शुक्ताम् ।
धर्मारामामर्थवतीमहिंस्रामेतां वाचं तव जानामि सूत ॥५॥

5. na marmagāṁ jātu vaktāsi rūkṣāṁ; nopastutiṁ kaṭukāṁ nota śuktām ,
dharmārāmāmarthavatīmahiṁsrā;metāṁ vācaṁ tava jānāmi sūta.

5. na marmagām jātu vaktā asi rūkṣām
na upastutim kaṭukām na uta
śuktām dharmārāmām arthavatīm ahiṃsrām
etām vācam tava jānāmi sūta

5. O charioteer (sūta), you never utter harsh words that wound deeply, nor bitter praise, nor indeed any dry or insipid remarks. I know your speech to be committed to righteousness (dharma), meaningful, and non-violent.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• मर्मगाम् (marmagām) - words that wound deeply (piercing the vital parts, deeply wounding)

• जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time

• वक्ता (vaktā) - you speak (implied 'you are a speaker') (speaker, one who speaks)

• असि (asi) - you are

• रूक्षाम् (rūkṣām) - harsh (words) (harsh, rough, dry)

• न (na) - not, no

• उपस्तुतिम् (upastutim) - praise, flattery

• कटुकाम् (kaṭukām) - bitter (praise/flattery) (bitter, pungent, unpleasant)

• न (na) - not, no

• उत (uta) - nor indeed (indeed, moreover, also)

• शुक्ताम् (śuktām) - dry or insipid (remarks) (dry, sour, tasteless, insipid)

• धर्मारामाम् (dharmārāmām) - committed to righteousness (dharma) (devoted to righteousness, delighting in duty)

• अर्थवतीम् (arthavatīm) - meaningful, significant, purposeful

• अहिंस्राम् (ahiṁsrām) - non-injurious, non-violent

• एताम् (etām) - this

• वाचम् (vācam) - speech, word

• तव (tava) - your

• जानामि (jānāmi) - I know

• सूत (sūta) - O charioteer (Sanjaya) (charioteer, bard)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

मर्मगाम् (marmagām) - words that wound deeply (piercing the vital parts, deeply wounding)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of marmaga

marmaga - piercing the vital parts, affecting deeply, wounding

Compound of marman (vital part) and ga (going, piercing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (marman+ga)

• marman – vital part, sensitive spot, joint, secret
  noun (neuter)
• ga – going, moving, reaching, piercing
  adjective (masculine)
  Nominal derivative (suffix 'a' from root gam)
  Derived from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'vācam' (speech) implied, or a 'vāk' like 'harsh words'

जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time

(indeclinable)

वक्ता (vaktā) - you speak (implied 'you are a speaker') (speaker, one who speaks)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaktṛ

vaktṛ - speaker, orator, reciter

Agent noun

Derived from root vac (to speak) with tṛc suffix

Root: vac (class 2)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present tense (laṭ)

Root: as (class 2)

रूक्षाम् (rūkṣām) - harsh (words) (harsh, rough, dry)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rūkṣa

rūkṣa - harsh, rough, dry, crude, unpleasant

Note: Modifies 'vācam' implied

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

उपस्तुतिम् (upastutim) - praise, flattery

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upastuti

upastuti - praise, eulogy, flattery, adoration

Derived from root stu (to praise) with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: stu (class 2)

कटुकाम् (kaṭukām) - bitter (praise/flattery) (bitter, pungent, unpleasant)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kaṭuka

kaṭuka - bitter, pungent, sharp, harsh, unpleasant

Note: Modifies 'upastutim'

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

उत (uta) - nor indeed (indeed, moreover, also)

(indeclinable)

शुक्ताम् (śuktām) - dry or insipid (remarks) (dry, sour, tasteless, insipid)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śukta

śukta - dry, sour, fermented, tasteless, insipid

Note: Modifies 'vācam' implied

धर्मारामाम् (dharmārāmām) - committed to righteousness (dharma) (devoted to righteousness, delighting in duty)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharmārāma

dharmārāma - delighting in virtue/righteousness/duty (dharma)

Compound of dharma (righteousness) and ārāma (delight, garden)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ārāma)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ārāma – pleasure, delight, rest, garden
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'vācam'

अर्थवतीम् (arthavatīm) - meaningful, significant, purposeful

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of arthavat

arthavat - meaningful, significant, purposeful, wealthy

Derived from artha (meaning, purpose) with matup suffix

Note: Modifies 'vācam'

अहिंस्राम् (ahiṁsrām) - non-injurious, non-violent

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ahiṃsra

ahiṁsra - non-injurious, non-violent, harmless

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa)

Note: Modifies 'vācam'

एताम् (etām) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Modifies 'vācam'

वाचम् (vācam) - speech, word

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word, language

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

जानामि (jānāmi) - I know

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present tense (laṭ)

Root: jñā (class 9)

सूत (sūta) - O charioteer (Sanjaya) (charioteer, bard)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, storyteller (a mixed caste)

Note: Here refers to Sanjaya.