महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-30, verse-10

आचार्य इष्टोऽनपगो विधेयो वेदानीप्सन्ब्रह्मचर्यं चचार ।
योऽस्त्रं चतुष्पात्पुनरेव चक्रे द्रोणः प्रसन्नोऽभिवाद्यो यथार्हम् ॥१०॥

10. ācārya iṣṭo'napago vidheyo; vedānīpsanbrahmacaryaṁ cacāra ,
yo'straṁ catuṣpātpunareva cakre; droṇaḥ prasanno'bhivādyo yathārham.

10. ācāryaḥ iṣṭaḥ anapagaḥ vidheyaḥ
vedān īpsan brahmacaryam cacāra yaḥ
astram catuṣpāt punaḥ eva cakre
droṇaḥ prasannaḥ abhivādyaḥ yathārham

10. Droṇa, the beloved, steadfast, and compliant teacher, who practiced (brahmacarya) celibacy to obtain knowledge of the Vedas, and who indeed once again established the complete science of arms (astra), that gracious Droṇa should be greeted respectfully.

Words meanings summery:

• आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - the esteemed teacher Droṇa (teacher, preceptor)

• इष्टः (iṣṭaḥ) - beloved, desired, dear

• अनपगः (anapagaḥ) - unfailing, steadfast, not turning away

• विधेयः (vidheyaḥ) - obedient, compliant, to be commanded

• वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas (sacred texts)

• ईप्सन् (īpsan) - desiring to obtain/learn

• ब्रह्मचर्यम् (brahmacaryam) - celibacy, student life (brahmacarya)

• चचार (cacāra) - practiced, performed, wandered

• यः (yaḥ) - who (masculine singular)

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon, science of arms (astra)

• चतुष्पात् (catuṣpāt) - the complete science of arms (four-footed, complete, perfect)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

• एव (eva) - indeed, very, only

• चक्रे (cakre) - established (the science of arms) (made, created, did)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (name of the teacher)

• प्रसन्नः (prasannaḥ) - pleased, gracious, clear

• अभिवाद्यः (abhivādyaḥ) - to be greeted, to be saluted

• यथार्हम् (yathārham) - as is proper, appropriately, respectfully

Words meanings and morphology

आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - the esteemed teacher Droṇa (teacher, preceptor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - teacher, preceptor, master, spiritual guide

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

इष्टः (iṣṭaḥ) - beloved, desired, dear

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, beloved, dear, sacrificed

Past Passive Participle

From root yaj (to worship, sacrifice) or iṣ (to desire). Here, 'beloved' or 'esteemed'.

Root: yaj (class 1)

अनपगः (anapagaḥ) - unfailing, steadfast, not turning away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anapaga

anapaga - unfailing, steadfast, constant, not going away

Negative prefix an- + apaga (going away).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+apaga)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• apaga – going away, departing, failing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root gam (to go) with upasarga apa.
  Prefix: apa
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Droṇa/ācārya.

विधेयः (vidheyaḥ) - obedient, compliant, to be commanded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidheya

vidheya - obedient, compliant, amenable, to be commanded, governable

Gerundive

From root dhā (to place, to do) with upasarga vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies Droṇa/ācārya.

वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas (sacred texts)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - Veda (sacred knowledge, a collection of hymns and ritual texts)

From root vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of 'īpsan'.

ईप्सन् (īpsan) - desiring to obtain/learn

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īpsat

īpsat - desiring to obtain, wishing to get, seeking

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

From the desiderative stem of root āp (to obtain) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: āp (class 5)

ब्रह्मचर्यम् (brahmacaryam) - celibacy, student life (brahmacarya)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahmacarya

brahmacarya - student life, celibacy, religious study, pursuit of sacred knowledge

From brahman (Veda/sacred knowledge) + carya (conduct, practice).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+carya)

• brahman – sacred knowledge, Veda, ultimate reality, prayer
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bṛh
• carya – conduct, practice, observance
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive (nominalized)
  From root car (to move, to practice).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Object of 'cacāra'.

चचार (cacāra) - practiced, performed, wandered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of car

Perfect

Third person singular, Parasmaipada, Perfect tense (liṭ).

Root: car (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who (masculine singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which

अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon, science of arms (astra)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - missile, weapon, military science, projectile

From root as (to throw) + suffix -tra.

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Object of 'cakre'.

चतुष्पात् (catuṣpāt) - the complete science of arms (four-footed, complete, perfect)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of catuṣpād

catuṣpād - four-footed, complete, perfect, possessing four parts/aspects

From catur (four) + pād (foot, part).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (catur+pād)

• catur – four
  numeral
• pād – foot, step, part
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'astram'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, very, only

(indeclinable)

चक्रे (cakre) - established (the science of arms) (made, created, did)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect

Third person singular, Ātmanepada, Perfect tense (liṭ).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (name of the teacher)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (a famous teacher of archery and warfare in the Mahābhārata)

प्रसन्नः (prasannaḥ) - pleased, gracious, clear

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasanna

prasanna - pleased, gracious, clear, tranquil, well-disposed

Past Passive Participle

From root sad (to sit, to settle) with upasarga pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

अभिवाद्यः (abhivādyaḥ) - to be greeted, to be saluted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhivādya

abhivādya - to be saluted, to be greeted, venerable, worthy of respect

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root vad (to speak, to salute) with upasarga abhi.

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

यथार्हम् (yathārham) - as is proper, appropriately, respectfully

(indeclinable)

Formed from yathā (as) + arham (worthy/proper).