महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-30, verse-31

कच्चित्पुत्रा जीवपुत्राः सुसम्यग्वर्तन्ते वो वृत्तिमनृशंसरूपाम् ।
इति स्मोक्त्वा संजय ब्रूहि पश्चादजातशत्रुः कुशली सपुत्रः ॥३१॥

31. kaccitputrā jīvaputrāḥ susamya;gvartante vo vṛttimanṛśaṁsarūpām ,
iti smoktvā saṁjaya brūhi paścā;dajātaśatruḥ kuśalī saputraḥ.

31. kaccit putrāḥ jīvaputrāḥ susamyak
vartante vaḥ vṛttim anṛśaṃsarūpām
| iti sma uktvā saṃjaya brūhi
paścāt ajātaśatruḥ kuśalī saputraḥ

31. Sanjaya, first, please inquire if our sons, those with living children, are conducting themselves very properly in a livelihood (vṛtti) that is characterized by non-cruelty. Afterwards, tell me if Ajatashatru (Yudhishthira) is well, along with his sons.

Words meanings summery:

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that (introducing a question) (whether, if, perhaps, I hope that)

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - (our) sons (referring to the Pandavas) (sons, children)

• जीवपुत्राः (jīvaputrāḥ) - whose sons are alive (having living sons, whose sons are alive)

• सुसमयक् (susamayak) - very properly, diligently (very well, completely, properly)

• वर्तन्ते (vartante) - they are conducting themselves (they behave, they exist, they conduct themselves)

• वः (vaḥ) - our (referring to the Pandavas as Dhritarashtra's kinsmen) (to you, your)

• वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - a livelihood (vṛtti) (livelihood, conduct, mode of life, behavior)

• अनृशंसरूपाम् (anṛśaṁsarūpām) - characterized by non-cruelty (having a non-cruel form, compassionate, benevolent)

• इति (iti) - (marks the end of the first instruction) (thus, so, in this manner)

• स्म (sma) - indeed, truly; (with present tense verb) indicates past action

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - after speaking (this) (having said, after speaking)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya (Sanjaya (a name))

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (me) (tell, say)

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, then (afterwards, behind, later)

• अजातशत्रुः (ajātaśatruḥ) - Ajatashatru (Yudhishthira) (one who has no enemies)

• कुशली (kuśalī) - well, in good health (well, healthy, prosperous)

• सपुत्रः (saputraḥ) - along with his sons (with sons, having sons)

Words meanings and morphology

कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that (introducing a question) (whether, if, perhaps, I hope that)

(indeclinable)

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - (our) sons (referring to the Pandavas) (sons, children)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

जीवपुत्राः (jīvaputrāḥ) - whose sons are alive (having living sons, whose sons are alive)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jīvaputra

jīvaputra - having living sons, whose sons are alive

Compound type : bahuvrihi (jīva+putra)

• jīva – living, alive, life
  adjective (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying 'putrāḥ'.

सुसमयक् (susamayak) - very properly, diligently (very well, completely, properly)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (su+samyak)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• samyak – properly, completely, truly
  indeclinable

Note: Adverb modifying 'vartante'.

वर्तन्ते (vartante) - they are conducting themselves (they behave, they exist, they conduct themselves)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present Middle 3rd Plural

Root: vṛt (class 1)

वः (vaḥ) - our (referring to the Pandavas as Dhritarashtra's kinsmen) (to you, your)

(pronoun)

plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

Note: Possessive pronoun modifying 'putrāḥ'.

वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - a livelihood (vṛtti) (livelihood, conduct, mode of life, behavior)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛtti

vṛtti - livelihood, conduct, mode of life, behavior

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vartante'.

अनृशंसरूपाम् (anṛśaṁsarūpām) - characterized by non-cruelty (having a non-cruel form, compassionate, benevolent)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of anṛśaṃsarūpa

anṛśaṁsarūpa - having a non-cruel form, compassionate, benevolent

Compound type : bahuvrihi (anṛśaṃsa+rūpa)

• anṛśaṃsa – non-cruel, benevolent, compassionate
  adjective
  Negative prefix 'an' + 'ṛśaṃsa' (cruel).
  Prefix: an
• rūpa – form, nature, appearance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying 'vṛttim'.

इति (iti) - (marks the end of the first instruction) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - indeed, truly; (with present tense verb) indicates past action

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - after speaking (this) (having said, after speaking)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix '-ktvā'.

Root: vac (class 2)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya (Sanjaya (a name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and reporter)

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (me) (tell, say)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative Active 2nd Singular

Root: brū (class 2)

पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, then (afterwards, behind, later)

(indeclinable)

अजातशत्रुः (ajātaśatruḥ) - Ajatashatru (Yudhishthira) (one who has no enemies)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajātaśatru

ajātaśatru - one who has no enemies, Ajatashatru

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ajāta+śatru)

• ajāta – unborn, not yet born
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'jan' (to be born) with negative prefix 'a'.
  Prefix: a
  Root: jan (class 4)
• śatru – enemy, rival
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

कुशली (kuśalī) - well, in good health (well, healthy, prosperous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuśalin

kuśalin - well, healthy, prosperous, skillful

Note: Predicative adjective for Ajatashatru.

सपुत्रः (saputraḥ) - along with his sons (with sons, having sons)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saputra

saputra - with sons, accompanied by sons

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+putra)

• sa – with, together with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying Ajatashatru.