महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-30, verse-32

या नो भार्याः संजय वेत्थ तत्र तासां सर्वासां कुशलं तात पृच्छेः ।
सुसंगुप्ताः सुरभयोऽनवद्याः कच्चिद्गृहानावसथाप्रमत्ताः ॥३२॥

32. yā no bhāryāḥ saṁjaya vettha tatra; tāsāṁ sarvāsāṁ kuśalaṁ tāta pṛccheḥ ,
susaṁguptāḥ surabhayo'navadyāḥ; kaccidgṛhānāvasathāpramattāḥ.

32. yāḥ naḥ bhāryāḥ saṃjaya vettha tatra
tāsām sarvāsām kuśalam tāta pṛccheḥ
| susaṃguptāḥ surabhayaḥ anavadyāḥ
kaccit gṛhān āvasatha apramattāḥ

32. Sanjaya, my dear, concerning those wives of ours whom you know, please inquire about the well-being of all of them. I hope that, being well-protected, virtuous, and blameless, they are dwelling in their homes attentively.

Words meanings summery:

• याः (yāḥ) - those (wives) whom (who, which, those who)

• नः (naḥ) - our (to us, our)

• भार्याः (bhāryāḥ) - wives (wives, women to be maintained)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya (Sanjaya (a name))

• वेत्थ (vettha) - you know

• तत्र (tatra) - concerning them (there, in that place, concerning that)

• तासाम् (tāsām) - of them (the wives) (of them, their)

• सर्वासाम् (sarvāsām) - of all of them (of all, all of them)

• कुशलम् (kuśalam) - well-being (well-being, welfare, prosperity, skill)

• तात (tāta) - my dear (a term of endearment, from Dhritarashtra to Sanjaya) (dear one, father (used as an affectionate address))

• पृच्छेः (pṛccheḥ) - please inquire (you should ask, you would ask, ask)

• सुसंगुप्ताः (susaṁguptāḥ) - well-protected (well-protected, well-guarded)

• सुरभयः (surabhayaḥ) - virtuous (fragrant, auspicious, virtuous, pleasant)

• अनवद्याः (anavadyāḥ) - blameless (faultless, blameless, irreproachable)

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that (introducing a question) (whether, if, perhaps, I hope that)

• गृहान् (gṛhān) - their homes (homes, houses)

• आवसथ (āvasatha) - they are dwelling (in their homes) (dwell, reside)

• अप्रमत्ताः (apramattāḥ) - attentively (attentive, diligent, careful, not negligent)

Words meanings and morphology

याः (yāḥ) - those (wives) whom (who, which, those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun agreeing with 'bhāryāḥ'.

नः (naḥ) - our (to us, our)

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Note: Possessive pronoun for 'bhāryāḥ'.

भार्याः (bhāryāḥ) - wives (wives, women to be maintained)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, woman to be supported

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support) with suffix '-ya' + feminine ending.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Refers to the wives of the Pandavas.

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sanjaya (Sanjaya (a name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and reporter)

वेत्थ (vettha) - you know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vid

Perfect Active 2nd Singular

Root: vid (class 2)

तत्र (tatra) - concerning them (there, in that place, concerning that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the context of the wives.

तासाम् (tāsām) - of them (the wives) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Possessive, modifying 'kuśalam'.

सर्वासाम् (sarvāsām) - of all of them (of all, all of them)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'tāsām'.

कुशलम् (kuśalam) - well-being (well-being, welfare, prosperity, skill)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kuśala

kuśala - well-being, welfare, skill, auspiciousness

Note: Object of 'pṛccheḥ'.

तात (tāta) - my dear (a term of endearment, from Dhritarashtra to Sanjaya) (dear one, father (used as an affectionate address))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (an address of affection or respect, often to a junior)

पृच्छेः (pṛccheḥ) - please inquire (you should ask, you would ask, ask)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of prach

Optative Active 2nd Singular

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Expresses a polite request or wish directed at Sanjaya.

सुसंगुप्ताः (susaṁguptāḥ) - well-protected (well-protected, well-guarded)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of susaṃgupta

susaṁgupta - well-protected, well-guarded

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Compound of 'su' (well) and P.P.P. of 'gupta' (protected), root 'gup'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+saṃgupta)

• su – well, good, excellent
  indeclinable
• saṃgupta – protected, guarded, hidden
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'gup' (to protect, hide) with prefix 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Adjective for the implied subject 'tāḥ' (they, referring to wives).

सुरभयः (surabhayaḥ) - virtuous (fragrant, auspicious, virtuous, pleasant)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of surabhi

surabhi - fragrant, agreeable, pleasant, virtuous, auspicious

Note: Adjective for the implied subject 'tāḥ'.

अनवद्याः (anavadyāḥ) - blameless (faultless, blameless, irreproachable)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of anavadya

anavadya - faultless, blameless, irreproachable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (compound)

Negative prefix 'an' + 'avadya' (gerundive of 'vad' (to speak) meaning 'to be spoken against').

Compound type : tatpurusha (an+avadya)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• avadya – reproachable, blameworthy, fault
  adjective
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'vad' (to speak) with prefix 'ava' and suffix '-ya'.
  Prefix: ava
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Adjective for the implied subject 'tāḥ'.

कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that (introducing a question) (whether, if, perhaps, I hope that)

(indeclinable)

गृहान् (gṛhān) - their homes (homes, houses)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gṛha

gṛha - house, home

Note: Object of 'āvasatha'.

आवसथ (āvasatha) - they are dwelling (in their homes) (dwell, reside)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of ā-vas

Imperative Active 2nd Plural. Root 'vas' with upasarga 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: vas (class 1)

अप्रमत्ताः (apramattāḥ) - attentively (attentive, diligent, careful, not negligent)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of apramatta

apramatta - attentive, diligent, not negligent

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Negative prefix 'a' + P.P.P. of root 'mad' (to be intoxicated, negligent) with prefix 'pra'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+pramatta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• pramatta – negligent, careless, intoxicated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'mad' (to be intoxicated, negligent) with prefix 'pra'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Adverbial usage, describing how they dwell.