महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-128, verse-49

एकार्णवे शयानेन हतौ तौ मधुकैटभौ ।
जन्मान्तरमुपागम्य हयग्रीवस्तथा हतः ॥४९॥

49. ekārṇave śayānena hatau tau madhukaiṭabhau ,
janmāntaramupāgamya hayagrīvastathā hataḥ.

49. ekārṇave śayānena hatau tau madhukaiṭabhau
janmāntaram upāgamya hayagrīvaḥ tathā hataḥ

49. ekārṇave śayānena tau madhukaiṭabhau hatau
tathā janmāntaram upāgamya hayagrīvaḥ hataḥ

49. The two demons, Madhu and Kaiṭabha, were slain by the one (Viṣṇu) lying on the primordial ocean. Similarly, assuming another birth, Hayagrīva was also killed.

Words meanings summery:

• एकार्णवे (ekārṇave) - on the primordial ocean (on the single ocean, on the primordial ocean)

• शयानेन (śayānena) - by the one (Viṣṇu) lying (by the one lying/reclining)

• हतौ (hatau) - killed, slain (dual)

• तौ (tau) - those two

• मधुकैटभौ (madhukaiṭabhau) - Madhu and Kaiṭabha

• जन्मान्तरम् (janmāntaram) - another birth, a different birth

• उपागम्य (upāgamya) - having approached, having obtained, having assumed

• हयग्रीवः (hayagrīvaḥ) - Hayagrīva (horse-necked)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, slain

Words meanings and morphology

एकार्णवे (ekārṇave) - on the primordial ocean (on the single ocean, on the primordial ocean)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ekārṇava

ekārṇava - the single ocean, the primordial ocean (at the time of dissolution)

Compound of eka (one) and arṇava (ocean).

Compound type : Karmadharaya (eka+arṇava)

• eka – one, single, sole
  adjective (masculine)
• arṇava – ocean, sea, flood
  noun (masculine)

शयानेन (śayānena) - by the one (Viṣṇu) lying (by the one lying/reclining)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying, reclining, sleeping

Present Middle Participle

Derived from the root śī (to lie down, sleep) with the śānac suffix.

Root: śī (class 2)

हतौ (hatau) - killed, slain (dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed, struck

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

मधुकैटभौ (madhukaiṭabhau) - Madhu and Kaiṭabha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of madhukaiṭabha

madhukaiṭabha - Madhu and Kaiṭabha (two demons, born from Viṣṇu's earwax, slain by him)

Dvandva compound of Madhu and Kaiṭabha.

Compound type : Dvandva (madhu+kaiṭabha)

• madhu – Madhu (name of a demon)
  proper noun (masculine)
• kaiṭabha – Kaiṭabha (name of a demon)
  proper noun (masculine)

जन्मान्तरम् (janmāntaram) - another birth, a different birth

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of janmāntara

janmāntara - another birth, future existence

Compound of janman (birth) and antara (other, different).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (janman+antara)

• janman – birth, existence, life
  noun (neuter)
• antara – other, different, distinct
  adjective (neuter)

उपागम्य (upāgamya) - having approached, having obtained, having assumed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root gam (to go) with prefixes upa- and ā-, and the lyap suffix for absolutive.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

हयग्रीवः (hayagrīvaḥ) - Hayagrīva (horse-necked)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hayagrīva

hayagrīva - horse-necked; name of a demon or a form of Viṣṇu

Bahuvrihi compound: haya (horse) + grīvā (neck) = 'one who has a horse's neck'.

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (haya+grīvā)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• grīvā – neck
  noun (feminine)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed, struck

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)