महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-128, verse-42

ग्रहीतुकामो विक्रम्य सर्वयत्नेन माधवम् ।
ग्रहीतुं नाशकत्तत्र तं त्वं प्रार्थयसे बलात् ॥४२॥

42. grahītukāmo vikramya sarvayatnena mādhavam ,
grahītuṁ nāśakattatra taṁ tvaṁ prārthayase balāt.

42. grahītukāmaḥ vikramya sarvayātneṇa mādhavam
grahītum na aśakat tatra tam tvam prārthayase balāt

42. (yaḥ) mādhavam grahītukāmaḥ sarvayātneṇa vikramya (tam) grahītum tatra na aśakat (adya) tvam tam balāt prārthayase.

42. Even though one desired to seize Mādhava (Krishna) and exerted all effort, he was unable to capture him. Yet, you (Duryodhana) seek to take him by force.

Words meanings summery:

• ग्रहीतुकामः (grahītukāmaḥ) - desirous of seizing, wishing to capture

• विक्रम्य (vikramya) - having displayed valor, having exerted oneself

• सर्वयात्नेण (sarvayātneṇa) - with all effort

• माधवम् (mādhavam) - Mādhava (Krishna)

• ग्रहीतुम् (grahītum) - to seize, to capture

• न (na) - not, no

• अशकत् (aśakat) - he was able (not able to)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that situation, then

• तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular)

• प्रार्थयसे (prārthayase) - you entreat, you pray for, you seek

• बलात् (balāt) - by force, forcibly

Words meanings and morphology

ग्रहीतुकामः (grahītukāmaḥ) - desirous of seizing, wishing to capture

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of grahītukāma

grahītukāma - desirous of seizing/capturing

From 'grahītu' (infinitive of 'grah') + 'kāma' (desire).

Compound type : tatpurusha (grahītu+kāma)

• grahītu – to seize, to grasp
  indeclinable
  infinitive
  Infinitive of root 'grah'
  Root: grah (class 9)
• kāma – desire, wish
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Dvivida from context of previous verse.

विक्रम्य (vikramya) - having displayed valor, having exerted oneself

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From prefix 'vi' + root 'kram' (to step, go) + suffix 'ya' for gerund.

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Action performed by the subject (Dvivida).

सर्वयात्नेण (sarvayātneṇa) - with all effort

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sarvayātna

sarvayātna - all effort, every exertion

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+yatna)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective (masculine)
• yatna – effort, exertion, endeavor
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Denotes the means of action.

माधवम् (mādhavam) - Mādhava (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - descendant of Madhu, Krishna, Vishnu

Patronymic from Madhu.

Note: Object of 'grahītukāmaḥ' and 'grahītum'.

ग्रहीतुम् (grahītum) - to seize, to capture

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of root 'grah'.

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Functions as object for 'aśakat'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'aśakat'.

अशकत् (aśakat) - he was able (not able to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śak

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular active, from root 'śak' with augment 'a-'.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: The main verb of the first clause.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that situation, then

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'tad' (that) with suffix '-tra'.

Note: Refers to the context of the attempt.

तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'prārthayase'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun, second person)

Note: Subject of 'prārthayase'.

प्रार्थयसे (prārthayase) - you entreat, you pray for, you seek

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prārth

Present tense, 2nd person singular middle voice, from root 'arth' with prefix 'pra'. 'arth' is commonly treated as a denominative verb 'prārth'.

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Predicate for 'tvam'.

बलात् (balāt) - by force, forcibly

(indeclinable)

Root: bal (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage meaning 'by force'.