महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-128, verse-33

अथ दुर्योधनं राजा धृतराष्ट्रोऽभ्यभाषत ।
कर्णदुःशासनाभ्यां च राजभिश्चाभिसंवृतम् ॥३३॥

33. atha duryodhanaṁ rājā dhṛtarāṣṭro'bhyabhāṣata ,
karṇaduḥśāsanābhyāṁ ca rājabhiścābhisaṁvṛtam.

33. atha duryodhanam rājā dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ abhyabhāṣata
karṇa-duḥśāsanābhyām ca rājabhiḥ ca abhisamvṛtam

33. atha rājā dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ karṇa-duḥśāsanābhyām ca
rājabhiḥ ca abhisamvṛtam duryodhanam abhyabhāṣata

33. Then King Dhritarashtra addressed Duryodhana, who was surrounded by Karna and Duhshasana, and also by other kings.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

• राजा (rājā) - king

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he addressed, he spoke to

• कर्ण-दुःशासनाभ्याम् (karṇa-duḥśāsanābhyām) - by Karna and Duhshasana

• च (ca) - and, also

• राजभिः (rājabhiḥ) - by kings, with kings

• च (ca) - and, also

• अभिसम्वृतम् (abhisamvṛtam) - Duryodhana, being completely surrounded (surrounded, encompassed on all sides)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (a name meaning 'hard to conquer in battle')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (a name meaning 'he who holds the kingdom firmly')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  verbal derivative (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'dhṛ' (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, nation
  noun (neuter)

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he addressed, he spoke to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada, of root 'bhāṣ' (1st class) with prefix 'abhi'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

कर्ण-दुःशासनाभ्याम् (karṇa-duḥśāsanābhyām) - by Karna and Duhshasana

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of karṇa-duḥśāsana

karṇa-duḥśāsana - Karna and Duhshasana

Compound type : dvandva (karṇa+duḥśāsana)

• karṇa – Karna (a proper name, also 'ear')
  proper noun (masculine)
• duḥśāsana – Duhshasana (a proper name, meaning 'hard to rule/govern')
  proper noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राजभिः (rājabhiḥ) - by kings, with kings

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अभिसम्वृतम् (abhisamvṛtam) - Duryodhana, being completely surrounded (surrounded, encompassed on all sides)

(verbal derivative)

Note: Modifies Duryodhana.