महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-128, verse-28

इदं तु न प्रवर्तेयं निन्दितं कर्म भारत ।
संनिधौ ते महाराज क्रोधजं पापबुद्धिजम् ॥२८॥

28. idaṁ tu na pravarteyaṁ ninditaṁ karma bhārata ,
saṁnidhau te mahārāja krodhajaṁ pāpabuddhijam.

28. idam tu na pravartayeyam ninditam karma bhārata
sannidhau te mahārāja krodhajam pāpabuddhijam

28. bhārata mahārāja tu idam ninditam karma krodhajam
pāpabuddhijam te sannidhau na pravartayeyam

28. But, O Bhārata, this censurable action (karma), born of anger and originating from sinful intent, I would certainly not undertake in your presence, O great king.

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this (censurable) (this)

• तु (tu) - but, however (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• प्रवर्तयेयम् (pravartayeyam) - I would undertake (this action) (I would undertake, I would engage in)

• निन्दितम् (ninditam) - censurable (action) (censurable, blameworthy, despised)

• कर्म (karma) - action (referring to the misdeed contemplated in the previous verse) (action, deed, ritual, fate)

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

• सन्निधौ (sannidhau) - in your presence (in the presence, in the vicinity)

• ते (te) - your (presence) (your, to you)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O great king, great king)

• क्रोधजम् (krodhajam) - born of anger (born of anger, originating from anger)

• पापबुद्धिजम् (pāpabuddhijam) - originating from sinful intent (born of sinful intention, originating from evil thought)

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this (censurable) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter nominative singular.

तु (tu) - but, however (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction showing contrast.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

प्रवर्तयेयम् (pravartayeyam) - I would undertake (this action) (I would undertake, I would engage in)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, optative/potential (vidhi-liṅ) of vṛt

Optative/Potential Mood, First Person Singular, Middle Voice (Ātmanepada)

Root `vṛt`, Class 1 (Bhvādi), with prefix `pra`.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to the speaker's (Vidura's) refusal to act.

निन्दितम् (ninditam) - censurable (action) (censurable, blameworthy, despised)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nindita

nindita - blamed, censured, despicable

Past Passive Participle

From root `nind` (to blame, censure) with suffix `-ita`.

Root: nind (class 1)

कर्म (karma) - action (referring to the misdeed contemplated in the previous verse) (action, deed, ritual, fate)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, consequence of actions

From root `kṛ` (to do) + suffix `-man`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of `pravartayeyam`.

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian

Patronymic.

सन्निधौ (sannidhau) - in your presence (in the presence, in the vicinity)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sannidhi

sannidhi - presence, vicinity, proximity, collection

Formed from `sam-` (together) + `ni-` (down) + root `dhā` (to place).

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

ते (te) - your (presence) (your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural), your

Second person singular, genitive or dative. Here, genitive.

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O great king, great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of `mahā` (great) + `rājan` (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  From `mahat` (great).
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

क्रोधजम् (krodhajam) - born of anger (born of anger, originating from anger)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of krodhaja

krodhaja - born of anger, produced from anger

Compound of `krodha` (anger) + `ja` (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (krodha+ja)

• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced, arising from
  adjective
  From root `jan` (to be born) + suffix `-a`.
  Root: jan (class 4)

पापबुद्धिजम् (pāpabuddhijam) - originating from sinful intent (born of sinful intention, originating from evil thought)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāpabuddhija

pāpabuddhija - born of sinful mind/intellect, arising from evil thought

Compound of `pāpabuddhi` (sinful mind/intent) + `ja` (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāpabuddhi+ja)

• pāpabuddhi – evil mind, sinful intellect, wicked intention
  noun (feminine)
  Compound of `pāpa` (evil) + `buddhi` (intellect).
• ja – born, produced, arising from
  adjective
  From root `jan` (to be born) + suffix `-a`.
  Root: jan (class 4)