महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-128, verse-18

राजन्परीतकालास्ते पुत्राः सर्वे परंतप ।
अयशस्यमशक्यं च कर्म कर्तुं समुद्यताः ॥१८॥

18. rājanparītakālāste putrāḥ sarve paraṁtapa ,
ayaśasyamaśakyaṁ ca karma kartuṁ samudyatāḥ.

18. rājan parītakālāḥ te putrāḥ sarve paraṃtapa
ayaśasyam aśakyam ca karma kartum samudyatāḥ

18. rājan paraṃtapa te sarve putrāḥ parītakālāḥ (santaḥ)
ayaśasyam aśakyam ca karma kartum samudyatāḥ

18. O King, scorcher of foes, all your sons, whose time is near, are prepared to undertake a deed that is both disgraceful and impossible.

Words meanings summery:

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• परीतकालाः (parītakālāḥ) - whose time is near (whose time has come, whose end is near)

• ते (te) - your (your, of you)

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, entire)

• परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O scorcher of foes (O scorcher of foes, O tormentor of enemies)

• अयशस्यम् (ayaśasyam) - disgraceful (disgraceful, ignoble, inglorious)

• अशक्यम् (aśakyam) - impossible (impossible, impracticable)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कर्म (karma) - a deed (action, deed, work (karma))

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to undertake (to do, to make, to perform)

• समुद्यताः (samudyatāḥ) - are prepared (prepared, ready, engaged in, striving)

Words meanings and morphology

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

परीतकालाः (parītakālāḥ) - whose time is near (whose time has come, whose end is near)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parītakāla

parītakāla - whose time has come, whose end is approaching

Compound type : bahuvrihi (parīta+kāla)

• parīta – come, gone, approached, surrounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix pari- and root i (to go)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)
• kāla – time, season, death
  noun (masculine)

ते (te) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: possessive pronoun, agreeing with 'putrāḥ'

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, entire)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O scorcher of foes (O scorcher of foes, O tormentor of enemies)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies (epithet)

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – heating, tormenting, austerities (tapas)
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root tap (to heat, torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

अयशस्यम् (ayaśasyam) - disgraceful (disgraceful, ignoble, inglorious)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ayaśasya

ayaśasya - disgraceful, ignoble, not leading to fame

From a- (negation) + yaśasya (conducive to fame)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+yaśasya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• yaśasya – conducive to fame, glorious
  adjective (neuter)
  From yaśas (fame)

Note: modifies karma

अशक्यम् (aśakyam) - impossible (impossible, impracticable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśakya

aśakya - impossible, impracticable, not to be done

Gerundive/Pot. Pass. Part.

From a- (negation) + śakya (possible, capable of being done)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+śakya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• śakya – possible, capable of being done
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive/Pot. Pass. Part.
  From root śak (to be able)
  Root: śak (class 5)

Note: modifies karma

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: connects ayaśasyam and aśakyam

कर्म (karma) - a deed (action, deed, work (karma))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual (karma)

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to undertake (to do, to make, to perform)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

From root kṛ (to do, make), class 8, with suffix -tum

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: used with samudyatāḥ

समुद्यताः (samudyatāḥ) - are prepared (prepared, ready, engaged in, striving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samudyata

samudyata - prepared, ready, engaged in, striving

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sam- + ud- and root yam (to restrain, to strive)

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: modifies putrāḥ