महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-200, verse-54

कथं च फलमाप्नोति तेषां धर्मभृतां वर ।
एतदिच्छामि तत्त्वेन धर्मं ज्ञातुं सुधार्मिक ॥५४॥

54. kathaṁ ca phalamāpnoti teṣāṁ dharmabhṛtāṁ vara ,
etadicchāmi tattvena dharmaṁ jñātuṁ sudhārmika.

54. katham ca phalam āpnoti teṣām dharmabhṛtām vara
etat icchāmi tattvena dharmam jñātum sudhārmika

54. And how does one obtain the fruit of these [restraints], O best of those who uphold natural law (dharma)? O highly righteous one, I wish to know this natural law (dharma) in its true essence.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• च (ca) - and

• फलम् (phalam) - The beneficial outcome of restraint. (fruit, result, consequence)

• आप्नोति (āpnoti) - Refers to obtaining the fruit of restraint. (obtains, reaches, attains)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - Refers to those who uphold natural law (dharma). (of them, those)

• धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - Refers to individuals who practice and maintain natural law (dharma). (of those who uphold natural law (dharma))

• वर (vara) - Vocative address to the Dharma-vyādha. (O best, O excellent one)

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the entire subject of the Brahmin's questions about senses, restraint, and its fruit. (this, this (thing))

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - The Brahmin expressing his desire to know. (I wish, I desire)

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - Emphasizes the depth of knowledge sought by the Brahmin. (in truth, in essence, truly, essentially)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - The subject of inquiry. (natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty)

• ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - The purpose of the Brahmin's wish. (to know, to understand)

• सुधार्मिक (sudhārmika) - Vocative address to the Dharma-vyādha, praising his righteousness. (O very righteous one, O highly virtuous one)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

Note: Often written with an anusvara, kathaṃ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

फलम् (phalam) - The beneficial outcome of restraint. (fruit, result, consequence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward, benefit

Note: Also accusative singular.

आप्नोति (āpnoti) - Refers to obtaining the fruit of restraint. (obtains, reaches, attains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Lat) of āp

Present Active Indicative

Third person singular, Present tense, Parasmaipada, from root āp (class 5).

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - Refers to those who uphold natural law (dharma). (of them, those)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine/neuter gender, genitive plural.

Note: Often used as 'their'.

धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - Refers to individuals who practice and maintain natural law (dharma). (of those who uphold natural law (dharma))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmabhṛt

dharmabhṛt - upholder of natural law (dharma), one who sustains righteousness

Tatpurusha compound: dharma (natural law) + bhṛt (bearing, maintaining).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+bhṛt)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting, maintaining
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root bhṛ
  Derived from root bhṛ (to bear, support, maintain).
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

वर (vara) - Vocative address to the Dharma-vyādha. (O best, O excellent one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, supreme; boon, wish

From root vṛ (to choose, select).

Root: vṛ (class 9)

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the entire subject of the Brahmin's questions about senses, restraint, and its fruit. (this, this (thing))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun/adjective)

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter gender, nominative/accusative singular.

Note: Acts as direct object of 'icchāmi'.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - The Brahmin expressing his desire to know. (I wish, I desire)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (Lat) of iṣ

Present Active Indicative

First person singular, Present tense, Parasmaipada, from root iṣ (class 6).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - Emphasizes the depth of knowledge sought by the Brahmin. (in truth, in essence, truly, essentially)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle

From tad (that) + tva (suffix forming abstract nouns).

धर्मम् (dharmam) - The subject of inquiry. (natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature, code of conduct

From root dhṛ (to hold, support, maintain) + man suffix.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - The purpose of the Brahmin's wish. (to know, to understand)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form from root jñā (class 9).

Root: jñā (class 9)

सुधार्मिक (sudhārmika) - Vocative address to the Dharma-vyādha, praising his righteousness. (O very righteous one, O highly virtuous one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sudhārmika

sudhārmika - very righteous, highly virtuous

From su (good, very) + dhārmika (righteous, virtuous).

Compound type : praadi (su+dhārmika)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix/adverb.
• dhārmika – righteous, virtuous, just, pious
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from dharma with -ika suffix, indicating 'related to dharma' or 'one who practices dharma'.