महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-200, verse-16

येषामस्ति च भोक्तव्यं ग्रहणीदोषपीडिताः ।
न शक्नुवन्ति ते भोक्तुं पश्य धर्मभृतां वर ॥१६॥

16. yeṣāmasti ca bhoktavyaṁ grahaṇīdoṣapīḍitāḥ ,
na śaknuvanti te bhoktuṁ paśya dharmabhṛtāṁ vara.

16. yeṣām asti ca bhoktavyam grahaṇīdoṣapīḍitāḥ | na
śaknuvanti te bhoktum paśya dharmabhṛtām vara

16. Even those who have food available are unable to eat it if they are afflicted by a disorder of digestion (grahaṇī). Behold, O best among the upholders of natural law (dharma)!

Words meanings summery:

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - for whom (referring to people having food) (of whom, for whom)

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• च (ca) - even (and, also)

• भोक्तव्यम् (bhoktavyam) - food (that is available to be eaten) (to be eaten, food)

• ग्रहणीदोषपीडिताः (grahaṇīdoṣapīḍitāḥ) - afflicted by a disorder of the grahaṇī

• न (na) - not, no

• शक्नुवन्ति (śaknuvanti) - they are able, they can

• ते (te) - those (people) (they, those)

• भोक्तुम् (bhoktum) - to eat, to enjoy

• पश्य (paśya) - behold! see! observe!

• धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - of the upholders of dharma

• वर (vara) - O best, O excellent one

Words meanings and morphology

येषाम् (yeṣām) - for whom (referring to people having food) (of whom, for whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to people.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Present Active Indicative

Root verb 'to be'

Root: as (class 2)

च (ca) - even (and, also)

(indeclinable)

भोक्तव्यम् (bhoktavyam) - food (that is available to be eaten) (to be eaten, food)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhoktavya

bhoktavya - to be eaten, fit to be eaten, food, enjoyabale

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root `bhuj` (to enjoy, to eat) + `tavya` suffix

Root: bhuj (class 7)

ग्रहणीदोषपीडिताः (grahaṇīdoṣapīḍitāḥ) - afflicted by a disorder of the grahaṇī

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of grahaṇīdoṣapīḍita

grahaṇīdoṣapīḍita - afflicted by a disorder of the grahaṇī (intestines or digestive power)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (grahaṇī+doṣa+pīḍita)

• grahaṇī – intestine, duodenum, digestive power
  noun (feminine)
  From root `grah` (to seize, retain)
  Root: grah (class 9)
• doṣa – fault, defect, disorder, vice
  noun (masculine)
  From root `duṣ` (to be bad)
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• pīḍita – afflicted, tormented, oppressed, distressed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `pīḍ` (to oppress, afflict)
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies `te` (those people)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शक्नुवन्ति (śaknuvanti) - they are able, they can

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of śak

Present Active Indicative

Root `śak` (class 5) - *śak-nu-vanti*

Root: śak (class 5)

ते (te) - those (people) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `grahaṇīdoṣapīḍitāḥ`

भोक्तुम् (bhoktum) - to eat, to enjoy

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root `bhuj` (to eat/enjoy) + `tumun` suffix

Root: bhuj (class 7)

पश्य (paśya) - behold! see! observe!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of dṛś

Present Active Imperative

Derived from root `dṛś` (class 1) in `paśya` form (present stem)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - of the upholders of dharma

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmabhṛt

dharmabhṛt - upholder of natural law, righteous person, one who maintains dharma

Compound of `dharma` and `bhṛt` (bearing/upholding)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+bhṛt)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom
  noun (masculine)
  From root `dhṛ` (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting, upholding
  adjective
  Agent noun/suffix
  From root `bhṛ` (to bear, support)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

वर (vara) - O best, O excellent one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, boon, choice, suitor

From root `vṛ` (to choose)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Used in a vocative compound `dharmabhṛtām vara` (O best of the upholders of dharma)