महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-200, verse-16

येषामस्ति च भोक्तव्यं ग्रहणीदोषपीडिताः ।
न शक्नुवन्ति ते भोक्तुं पश्य धर्मभृतां वर ॥१६॥

16. yeṣāmasti ca bhoktavyaṁ grahaṇīdoṣapīḍitāḥ ,
na śaknuvanti te bhoktuṁ paśya dharmabhṛtāṁ vara.

16. yeṣām asti ca bhoktavyam grahaṇīdoṣapīḍitāḥ | na
śaknuvanti te bhoktum paśya dharmabhṛtām vara

16. Even those who have food available are unable to eat it if they are afflicted by a disorder of digestion (grahaṇī). Behold, O best among the upholders of natural law (dharma)!

16. ויש מי שיש לו מה לאכול, אך הוא סובל מהפרעת עיכול ולא יכול לאכול. ראה זאת, הו הטוב שבנושאי דרך היושר.

Words meanings summery:

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - for whom (referring to people having food) (of whom, for whom)

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• च (ca) - even (and, also)

• भोक्तव्यम् (bhoktavyam) - food (that is available to be eaten) (to be eaten, food)

• ग्रहणीदोषपीडिताः (grahaṇīdoṣapīḍitāḥ) - afflicted by a disorder of the grahaṇī

• न (na) - not, no

• शक्नुवन्ति (śaknuvanti) - they are able, they can

• ते (te) - those (people) (they, those)

• भोक्तुम् (bhoktum) - to eat, to enjoy

• पश्य (paśya) - behold! see! observe!

• धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - of the upholders of dharma

• वर (vara) - O best, O excellent one

Words meanings and morphology

येषाम् (yeṣām) - for whom (referring to people having food) (of whom, for whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to people.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Present Active Indicative

Root verb 'to be'

Root: as (class 2)

च (ca) - even (and, also)

(indeclinable)

भोक्तव्यम् (bhoktavyam) - food (that is available to be eaten) (to be eaten, food)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhoktavya

bhoktavya - to be eaten, fit to be eaten, food, enjoyabale

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root `bhuj` (to enjoy, to eat) + `tavya` suffix

Root: bhuj (class 7)

ग्रहणीदोषपीडिताः (grahaṇīdoṣapīḍitāḥ) - afflicted by a disorder of the grahaṇī

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of grahaṇīdoṣapīḍita

grahaṇīdoṣapīḍita - afflicted by a disorder of the grahaṇī (intestines or digestive power)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (grahaṇī+doṣa+pīḍita)

• grahaṇī – intestine, duodenum, digestive power
  noun (feminine)
  From root `grah` (to seize, retain)
  Root: grah (class 9)
• doṣa – fault, defect, disorder, vice
  noun (masculine)
  From root `duṣ` (to be bad)
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• pīḍita – afflicted, tormented, oppressed, distressed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `pīḍ` (to oppress, afflict)
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies `te` (those people)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शक्नुवन्ति (śaknuvanti) - they are able, they can

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of śak

Present Active Indicative

Root `śak` (class 5) - *śak-nu-vanti*

Root: śak (class 5)

ते (te) - those (people) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `grahaṇīdoṣapīḍitāḥ`

भोक्तुम् (bhoktum) - to eat, to enjoy

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root `bhuj` (to eat/enjoy) + `tumun` suffix

Root: bhuj (class 7)

पश्य (paśya) - behold! see! observe!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of dṛś

Present Active Imperative

Derived from root `dṛś` (class 1) in `paśya` form (present stem)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - of the upholders of dharma

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmabhṛt

dharmabhṛt - upholder of natural law, righteous person, one who maintains dharma

Compound of `dharma` and `bhṛt` (bearing/upholding)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+bhṛt)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom
  noun (masculine)
  From root `dhṛ` (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting, upholding
  adjective
  Agent noun/suffix
  From root `bhṛ` (to bear, support)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

वर (vara) - O best, O excellent one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, boon, choice, suitor

From root `vṛ` (to choose)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Used in a vocative compound `dharmabhṛtām vara` (O best of the upholders of dharma)

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