महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-200, verse-12

देवानिष्ट्वा तपस्तप्त्वा कृपणैः पुत्रगृद्धिभिः ।
दशमासधृता गर्भे जायन्ते कुलपांसनाः ॥१२॥

12. devāniṣṭvā tapastaptvā kṛpaṇaiḥ putragṛddhibhiḥ ,
daśamāsadhṛtā garbhe jāyante kulapāṁsanāḥ.

12. devān iṣṭvā tapaḥ taptvā kṛpaṇaiḥ putragṛddhibhiḥ
daśamāsadhṛtā garbhe jāyante kulapāṃsanāḥ

12. Even after having worshipped the gods and performed austerities (tapas), children — nurtured for ten months in the womb by miserable individuals greedy for sons — are born as disgraces to their family.

Words meanings summery:

• देवान् (devān) - gods, deities

• इष्ट्वा (iṣṭvā) - having worshipped, having sacrificed, having desired

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas), penance, heat

• तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed, having practiced, having heated

• कृपणैः (kṛpaṇaiḥ) - by miserable individuals (parents) (by the miserable, by the wretched, by the poor)

• पुत्रगृद्धिभिः (putragṛddhibhiḥ) - by those greedy for sons, by those intensely desiring sons

• दशमासधृता (daśamāsadhṛtā) - held for ten months in the womb (held for ten months, nurtured for ten months)

• गर्भे (garbhe) - in the womb, in the embryo, in the interior

• जायन्ते (jāyante) - are born, originate, arise

• कुलपांसनाः (kulapāṁsanāḥ) - disgraces of the family, destroyers of the lineage, defilers of the family

Words meanings and morphology

देवान् (devān) - gods, deities

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being, celestial

Root: div (class 4)

इष्ट्वा (iṣṭvā) - having worshipped, having sacrificed, having desired

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from the root 'yaj' (to sacrifice, to worship), with the 'ktvā' suffix. The 'j' of 'yaj' changes to 'ṣṭ' before 'tvā'.

Root: yaj (class 1)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas), penance, heat

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity (tapas), penance, heat, religious fervor, spiritual discipline

Root: tap (class 1)

तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed, having practiced, having heated

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from the root 'tap' (to heat, to perform austerity) with the 'ktvā' suffix.

Root: tap (class 1)

कृपणैः (kṛpaṇaiḥ) - by miserable individuals (parents) (by the miserable, by the wretched, by the poor)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṛpaṇa

kṛpaṇa - miserable, wretched, poor, stingy, pitiable, mean

Derived from the root 'kḷp' (to be in order, to arrange).

Root: kḷp (class 1)

पुत्रगृद्धिभिः (putragṛddhibhiḥ) - by those greedy for sons, by those intensely desiring sons

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putragṛddhi

putragṛddhi - greedy for sons, intensely desiring sons, longing for progeny

Compound adjective formed from 'putra' (son) and 'gṛddhi' (greed, intense desire).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (putra+gṛddhi)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• gṛddhi – greed, avidity, intense desire, longing
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from the root 'gṛdh' (to be greedy).
  Root: gṛdh (class 4)

दशमासधृता (daśamāsadhṛtā) - held for ten months in the womb (held for ten months, nurtured for ten months)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of daśamāsadhṛta

daśamāsadhṛta - held for ten months, sustained for ten months, carried for ten months

Compound of 'daśamāsa' (ten months) and 'dhṛta' (held, borne, past passive participle of 'dhṛ').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daśamāsa+dhṛta)

• daśamāsa – ten months
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'daśan' (ten) and 'māsa' (month).
• dhṛta – held, borne, sustained, maintained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'dhṛ' (to hold, to bear).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

गर्भे (garbhe) - in the womb, in the embryo, in the interior

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of garbha

garbha - womb, embryo, fetus, interior, core, pregnancy

Root: gṛbh (class 9)

जायन्ते (jāyante) - are born, originate, arise

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Present middle voice third person plural conjugation of the root 'jan' (often used passively).

Root: jan (class 4)

कुलपांसनाः (kulapāṁsanāḥ) - disgraces of the family, destroyers of the lineage, defilers of the family

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kulapāṃsana

kulapāṁsana - disgrace of the family, defiler of the family, family-destroyer

Compound of 'kula' (family) and 'pāṃsana' (defiler, destroyer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kula+pāṃsana)

• kula – family, lineage, clan, race
  noun (neuter)
• pāṃsana – defiler, destroyer, polluter, disgrace
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'pāṃs' (to defile, to pollute).
  Root: pāṃs (class 10)

Note: Subject of 'jāyante'.