महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-200, verse-46

शब्दं स्पर्शं तथा रूपं गन्धानिष्टांश्च सत्तम ।
प्रभुत्वं लभते चापि धर्मस्यैतत्फलं विदुः ॥४६॥

46. śabdaṁ sparśaṁ tathā rūpaṁ gandhāniṣṭāṁśca sattama ,
prabhutvaṁ labhate cāpi dharmasyaitatphalaṁ viduḥ.

46. śabdam sparśam tathā rūpam gandhān aniṣṭān ca sattama
prabhutvam labhate ca api dharmasya etat phalam viduḥ

46. O best of men, one obtains (mastery over) sound, touch, form, and even undesirable smells, and also attains sovereignty. This, they know, is the fruit of righteousness (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• शब्दम् (śabdam) - sound, word

• स्पर्शम् (sparśam) - touch, contact

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

• रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, beauty

• गन्धान् (gandhān) - smells, odors

• अनिष्टान् (aniṣṭān) - undesirable, unpleasant, unpalatable

• च (ca) - and, also

• सत्तम (sattama) - O best one, O best of beings

• प्रभुत्वम् (prabhutvam) - sovereignty, power, mastery, lordship

• लभते (labhate) - obtains, gains, receives

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of righteousness, of duty, of natural law

• एतत् (etat) - this, that

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, reward

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

Words meanings and morphology

शब्दम् (śabdam) - sound, word

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word, speech

Root: śabd (class 1)

Note: Object of 'labhate'.

स्पर्शम् (sparśam) - touch, contact

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sparśa

sparśa - touch, contact, sensation of touch

Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Object of 'labhate'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

(indeclinable)

रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, beauty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, appearance, beauty, phenomenon

Root: rūp (class 10)

Note: Object of 'labhate'.

गन्धान् (gandhān) - smells, odors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gandha

gandha - smell, odor, fragrance

Root: gandh (class 10)

Note: Object of 'labhate'.

अनिष्टान् (aniṣṭān) - undesirable, unpleasant, unpalatable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aniṣṭa

aniṣṭa - undesirable, unpleasant, disliked, unpropitious

Negation of iṣṭa (desired)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+iṣṭa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• iṣṭa – desired, wished for, agreeable
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root iṣ (to wish, to desire)
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'gandhān'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सत्तम (sattama) - O best one, O best of beings

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sattama

sattama - best, excellent, noblest

Superlative of sat (good, existing)

Root: as (class 2)

प्रभुत्वम् (prabhutvam) - sovereignty, power, mastery, lordship

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prabhutva

prabhutva - sovereignty, supremacy, lordship, mastery, power

From prabhu + -tva suffix for abstract noun

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of 'labhate'.

लभते (labhate) - obtains, gains, receives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of labh

Present Middle

3rd person singular, present tense, middle voice, indicative mood

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is 'one who follows dharma'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Particle

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of righteousness, of duty, of natural law

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitution

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Possessive, 'of dharma'.

एतत् (etat) - this, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Agrees with 'phalam'.

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, reward

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

Root: phal (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Active

3rd person plural, present tense, active voice, indicative mood

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: The implied subject is 'wise people' or 'people in general'.