महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-200, verse-46

शब्दं स्पर्शं तथा रूपं गन्धानिष्टांश्च सत्तम ।
प्रभुत्वं लभते चापि धर्मस्यैतत्फलं विदुः ॥४६॥

46. śabdaṁ sparśaṁ tathā rūpaṁ gandhāniṣṭāṁśca sattama ,
prabhutvaṁ labhate cāpi dharmasyaitatphalaṁ viduḥ.

46. śabdam sparśam tathā rūpam gandhān aniṣṭān ca sattama
prabhutvam labhate ca api dharmasya etat phalam viduḥ

46. O best of men, one obtains (mastery over) sound, touch, form, and even undesirable smells, and also attains sovereignty. This, they know, is the fruit of righteousness (dharma).

46. צליל, מגע וצורה, וגם ריחות רצויים, הו אדם נעלה, וכן שליטה, הוא משיג. את כל אלה מכירים כפרי היושר.

Words meanings summery:

• शब्दम् (śabdam) - sound, word

• स्पर्शम् (sparśam) - touch, contact

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

• रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, beauty

• गन्धान् (gandhān) - smells, odors

• अनिष्टान् (aniṣṭān) - undesirable, unpleasant, unpalatable

• च (ca) - and, also

• सत्तम (sattama) - O best one, O best of beings

• प्रभुत्वम् (prabhutvam) - sovereignty, power, mastery, lordship

• लभते (labhate) - obtains, gains, receives

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of righteousness, of duty, of natural law

• एतत् (etat) - this, that

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, reward

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

Words meanings and morphology

शब्दम् (śabdam) - sound, word

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word, speech

Root: śabd (class 1)

Note: Object of 'labhate'.

स्पर्शम् (sparśam) - touch, contact

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sparśa

sparśa - touch, contact, sensation of touch

Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Object of 'labhate'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

(indeclinable)

रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, beauty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, appearance, beauty, phenomenon

Root: rūp (class 10)

Note: Object of 'labhate'.

गन्धान् (gandhān) - smells, odors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gandha

gandha - smell, odor, fragrance

Root: gandh (class 10)

Note: Object of 'labhate'.

अनिष्टान् (aniṣṭān) - undesirable, unpleasant, unpalatable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aniṣṭa

aniṣṭa - undesirable, unpleasant, disliked, unpropitious

Negation of iṣṭa (desired)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+iṣṭa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• iṣṭa – desired, wished for, agreeable
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root iṣ (to wish, to desire)
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'gandhān'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सत्तम (sattama) - O best one, O best of beings

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sattama

sattama - best, excellent, noblest

Superlative of sat (good, existing)

Root: as (class 2)

प्रभुत्वम् (prabhutvam) - sovereignty, power, mastery, lordship

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prabhutva

prabhutva - sovereignty, supremacy, lordship, mastery, power

From prabhu + -tva suffix for abstract noun

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of 'labhate'.

लभते (labhate) - obtains, gains, receives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of labh

Present Middle

3rd person singular, present tense, middle voice, indicative mood

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is 'one who follows dharma'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Particle

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of righteousness, of duty, of natural law

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitution

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Possessive, 'of dharma'.

एतत् (etat) - this, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Agrees with 'phalam'.

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, reward

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

Root: phal (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Active

3rd person plural, present tense, active voice, indicative mood

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: The implied subject is 'wise people' or 'people in general'.

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