महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-200, verse-49

सर्वत्यागे च यतते दृष्ट्वा लोकं क्षयात्मकम् ।
ततो मोक्षे प्रयतते नानुपायादुपायतः ॥४९॥

49. sarvatyāge ca yatate dṛṣṭvā lokaṁ kṣayātmakam ,
tato mokṣe prayatate nānupāyādupāyataḥ.

49. sarvatyāge ca yatate dṛṣṭvā lokam kṣayātmakam
tataḥ mokṣe prayatate na anupāyāt upāyataḥ

49. Seeing the world as transient, one endeavors to renounce everything. Then, one strives for liberation (mokṣa) through appropriate means, not through improper ones.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वत्यागे (sarvatyāge) - in the renunciation of everything

• च (ca) - and, also

• यतते (yatate) - strives, endeavors, exerts oneself

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, perceiving, understanding

• लोकम् (lokam) - world, realm, people

• क्षयात्मकम् (kṣayātmakam) - perishable, transient, having the nature of decay

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• मोक्षे (mokṣe) - in liberation, for liberation

• प्रयतते (prayatate) - endeavors, strives, exerts oneself

• न (na) - not, no

• अनुपायात् (anupāyāt) - from improper means, by improper methods

• उपायतः (upāyataḥ) - through proper means, by suitable methods

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वत्यागे (sarvatyāge) - in the renunciation of everything

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sarvatyāga

sarvatyāga - complete renunciation, abandonment of all

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+tyāga)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• tyāga – renunciation, abandonment, sacrifice
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root tyaj- (to abandon)
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यतते (yatate) - strives, endeavors, exerts oneself

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of yat

Present Indicative

3rd person singular, Ātmanepada

Root: yat (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, perceiving, understanding

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

लोकम् (lokam) - world, realm, people

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

क्षयात्मकम् (kṣayātmakam) - perishable, transient, having the nature of decay

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣayātmaka

kṣayātmaka - having the nature of decay, perishable, transient

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣaya+ātman)

• kṣaya – decay, destruction, loss
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root kṣi- (to destroy, perish)
  Root: kṣi (class 5)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with lokam.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Visarga sandhi makes it 'tato' before voiced consonants.

मोक्षे (mokṣe) - in liberation, for liberation

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mokṣa

mokṣa - liberation, release, emancipation (mokṣa)

Derived from root muc- (to release)

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Used with prayatate (strives for).

प्रयतते (prayatate) - endeavors, strives, exerts oneself

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of yat

Present Indicative

3rd person singular, Ātmanepada. With prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: yat (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following word/phrase. Fuses with 'anupāyāt' to form 'nānupāyāt' due to vowel sandhi.

अनुपायात् (anupāyāt) - from improper means, by improper methods

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of anupāya

anupāya - improper means, lack of means

Negative prefix 'an-' + 'upāya'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+upāya)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• upāya – means, method, expedient
  noun (masculine)
  From upa + i (to go)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Indicates the source or means from which something does not happen. Fuses with 'na' to form 'nānupāyāt'.

उपायतः (upāyataḥ) - through proper means, by suitable methods

(indeclinable)

Derived from upa + i (to go)

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Suffix -tas has an ablative meaning.