महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-176, verse-41

दारुणं ह्यशिवं नादं शिवा दक्षिणतः स्थिता ।
दीप्तायां दिशि वित्रस्ता रौति तस्याश्रमस्य ह ॥४१॥

41. dāruṇaṁ hyaśivaṁ nādaṁ śivā dakṣiṇataḥ sthitā ,
dīptāyāṁ diśi vitrastā rauti tasyāśramasya ha.

41. dāruṇam hi aśivam nādam śivā dakṣiṇataḥ sthitā |
dīptāyām diśi vitrastā rauti tasya āśramasya ha

41. Indeed, an inauspicious jackal (śivā), positioned to the south, howled a dreadful, ominous cry, terrified in the blazing direction, near that hermitage (āśrama).

Words meanings summery:

• दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - dreadful, terrible, cruel

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• अशिवम् (aśivam) - inauspicious, evil, unlucky

• नादम् (nādam) - sound, cry, roar, howl

• शिवा (śivā) - Here, it refers to a female jackal known for its ominous cries, traditionally a bad omen. (jackal, a female jackal)

• दक्षिणतः (dakṣiṇataḥ) - from the south, to the south, on the right side

• स्थिता (sthitā) - situated, standing, positioned

• दीप्तायाम् (dīptāyām) - blazing, burning, shining, bright

• दिशि (diśi) - direction, quarter, region

• वित्रस्ता (vitrastā) - terrified, greatly frightened, alarmed

• रौति (rauti) - howls, cries, roars

• तस्य (tasya) - Of that (hermitage) (of that, his, her, its)

• आश्रमस्य (āśramasya) - of the hermitage, of the sacred dwelling

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely, oh!

Words meanings and morphology

दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - dreadful, terrible, cruel

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - dreadful, terrible, harsh, cruel

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

अशिवम् (aśivam) - inauspicious, evil, unlucky

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśiva

aśiva - inauspicious, unpropitious, evil, unlucky

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śiva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• śiva – auspicious, propitious, benevolent
  adjective (masculine)

नादम् (nādam) - sound, cry, roar, howl

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāda

nāda - sound, cry, roar, shout

From root 'nad' (to sound)

Root: nad (class 1)

शिवा (śivā) - Here, it refers to a female jackal known for its ominous cries, traditionally a bad omen. (jackal, a female jackal)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śivā

śivā - a female jackal, an auspicious one (ironically used for ill omens)

दक्षिणतः (dakṣiṇataḥ) - from the south, to the south, on the right side

(indeclinable)

From 'dakṣiṇa' with suffix '-taḥ'

स्थिता (sthitā) - situated, standing, positioned

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, located, present, firm

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sthā' (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

दीप्तायाम् (dīptāyām) - blazing, burning, shining, bright

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of dīpta

dīpta - blazing, burning, shining, illuminated

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dīp' (to shine, blaze)

Root: dīp (class 4)

दिशि (diśi) - direction, quarter, region

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region, point of the compass

वित्रस्ता (vitrastā) - terrified, greatly frightened, alarmed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vitrasta

vitrasta - terrified, greatly frightened, alarmed, afraid

Past Passive Participle

From root 'tras' (to tremble, be afraid) with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: tras (class 4)

रौति (rauti) - howls, cries, roars

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of ru

Present tense form (lat)

Root: ru (class 2)

तस्य (tasya) - Of that (hermitage) (of that, his, her, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आश्रमस्य (āśramasya) - of the hermitage, of the sacred dwelling

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, monastery, sacred dwelling; a stage of life (āśrama)

Root: śram (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, surely, oh!

(indeclinable)