महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-71, verse-42

मद्वधाय श्रुतो ह्येष लोके चाप्यतिविश्रुतः ।
नूनं सोऽयमनुप्राप्तस्त्वत्कृते कालपर्ययः ॥४२॥

42. madvadhāya śruto hyeṣa loke cāpyativiśrutaḥ ,
nūnaṁ so'yamanuprāptastvatkṛte kālaparyayaḥ.

42. mad-vadhāya śrutaḥ hi eṣaḥ loke ca api ativisrutaḥ
nūnam saḥ ayam anuprāptaḥ tvat-kṛte kālaparyayaḥ

42. Indeed, this (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) is renowned and very well-known in the world for my destruction. Surely, this destined turn of time (kālaparyaya) has now arrived on your behalf.

Words meanings summery:

• मद्-वधाय (mad-vadhāya) - for my destruction

• श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - heard, known, famous

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (this (person))

• लोके (loke) - in the world

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, indeed

• अतिविस्रुतः (ativisrutaḥ) - very famous, exceedingly well-known

• नूनम् (nūnam) - surely, certainly, indeed

• सः (saḥ) - he

• अयम् (ayam) - this (one)

• अनुप्राप्तः (anuprāptaḥ) - has arrived (arrived, reached, obtained)

• त्वत्-कृते (tvat-kṛte) - on your behalf (referring to the listener, e.g., Bhishma or Drona) (for your sake, on your account)

• कालपर्ययः (kālaparyayaḥ) - turn of time, change of circumstances, destined time

Words meanings and morphology

मद्-वधाय (mad-vadhāya) - for my destruction

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of mad-vadha

mad-vadha - my killing, my destruction

Compound of `mat` (my, from asmad) and `vadha` (killing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mat+vadha)

• mat – my, mine (from asmad)
  pronoun
  Genitive form of `asmad` (I/me) used in compounds.
• vadha – killing, slaying, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `vadh` (to strike, kill).
  Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose.

श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - heard, known, famous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, known by tradition, famous

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root `śru` (to hear) + `kta` suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Acts as a predicate.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle or conjunction.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (this (person))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

लोके (loke) - in the world

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, realm

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `śrutaḥ` and `ativisrutaḥ`.

अपि (api) - also, even, indeed

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अतिविस्रुतः (ativisrutaḥ) - very famous, exceedingly well-known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ativisruta

ativisruta - very famous, exceedingly renowned

Past Passive Participle

Compound of `ati` (exceedingly) + `visruta` (famous). `visruta` is PPP of `śru` with `vi`.

Compound type : karmadharaya (ati+visruta)

• ati – over, beyond, excessively, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• visruta – famous, well-known, renowned
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root `śru` (to hear) with `vi` (apart/distinction) + `kta` suffix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: śru (class 5)

नूनम् (nūnam) - surely, certainly, indeed

(indeclinable)

Particle.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

Nominative masculine singular of `tad`.

अयम् (ayam) - this (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Nominative masculine singular of `idam`.

अनुप्राप्तः (anuprāptaḥ) - has arrived (arrived, reached, obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuprāpta

anuprāpta - arrived, attained, reached, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root `āp` (to obtain) with `anu` and `pra` + `kta` suffix.

Prefixes: anu+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Acts as a predicate.

त्वत्-कृते (tvat-kṛte) - on your behalf (referring to the listener, e.g., Bhishma or Drona) (for your sake, on your account)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle (`kṛta`)

Compound of `tvat` (your, from yuşmad) and `kṛta` (done). Used adverbially in locative.

Compound type : tatpurusha (tvat+kṛta)

• tvat – your (from yuşmad)
  pronoun
  Genitive form of `yuṣmad` (you) used in compounds.
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root `kṛ` (to do) + `kta` suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used adverbially.

कालपर्ययः (kālaparyayaḥ) - turn of time, change of circumstances, destined time

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kālaparyaya

kālaparyaya - change of time, course of time, end of an epoch, destined period

Compound meaning 'turning of time'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+paryaya)

• kāla – time, period, appropriate time
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kal (class 10)
• paryaya – turn, course, revolution, change, succession
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from `i` (to go) with `pari` and `aya`.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject of `anuprāptaḥ`.