महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-71, verse-22

हतेषु भारतेष्वाजौ कुरूणां गुरवस्तदा ।
एवं सामानि गास्यन्तीत्युक्त्वा धौम्योऽपि गच्छति ॥२२॥

22. hateṣu bhārateṣvājau kurūṇāṁ guravastadā ,
evaṁ sāmāni gāsyantītyuktvā dhaumyo'pi gacchati.

22. hateṣu bhārateṣu ājau kurūṇām guravaḥ tadā evam
sāmāni gāsyanti iti uktvā dhaumyaḥ api gacchati

22. 'Then, when the Bhāratas are slain in battle, the elders (guru) of the Kurus will thus chant the Sāman hymns.' Having spoken thus, Dhaumya also departs.

Words meanings summery:

• हतेषु (hateṣu) - upon the slain, when slain

• भारतेषु (bhārateṣu) - among the warriors of the Bhārata lineage (specifically the Kauravas here, referring to the enemy side) (among the Bhāratas)

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in combat

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• गुरवः (guravaḥ) - The elder members or venerable teachers of the Kuru clan. (elders, preceptors, respected ones)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• सामानि (sāmāni) - Sāman chants, hymns

• गास्यन्ति (gāsyanti) - they will sing, they will chant

• इति (iti) - introduces or concludes a direct quote (thus, so, in this way)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• धौम्यः (dhaumyaḥ) - The family priest of the Pandavas. (Dhaumya)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• गच्छति (gacchati) - he goes, he departs

Words meanings and morphology

हतेषु (hateṣu) - upon the slain, when slain

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - slain, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction, 'when the Bhāratas are slain'.

भारतेषु (bhārateṣu) - among the warriors of the Bhārata lineage (specifically the Kauravas here, referring to the enemy side) (among the Bhāratas)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, warrior of the Bharata clan

Derived from Bharata.

Note: Noun in locative absolute, corresponding to 'hateṣu'.

आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āji

āji - battle, combat, contest

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (proper name), descendant of Kuru

Note: Possessive for 'guravaḥ'.

गुरवः (guravaḥ) - The elder members or venerable teachers of the Kuru clan. (elders, preceptors, respected ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, elder, heavy, important

Note: Subject of 'gāsyanti'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

सामानि (sāmāni) - Sāman chants, hymns

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sāman

sāman - Sāman chant, melody, song

Note: Object of 'gāsyanti'.

गास्यन्ति (gāsyanti) - they will sing, they will chant

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of gai

Future tense, 3rd person plural, active voice.

Root: gai (class 1)

इति (iti) - introduces or concludes a direct quote (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of the quoted speech.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root vac (which undergoes vṛddhi to become ukta for the participle, hence uktvā).

Root: vac (class 2)

धौम्यः (dhaumyaḥ) - The family priest of the Pandavas. (Dhaumya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhaumya

dhaumya - Dhaumya (proper name)

Derived from dhūma.

Note: Subject of 'gacchati'.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

गच्छति (gacchati) - he goes, he departs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: gam (class 1)