महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-71, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
कथं गच्छति कौन्तेयो धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
भीमसेनः सव्यसाची माद्रीपुत्रौ च तावुभौ ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
kathaṁ gacchati kaunteyo dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
bhīmasenaḥ savyasācī mādrīputrau ca tāvubhau.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca katham gacchati kaunteyaḥ dharmarājaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ bhīmasenaḥ savyasācī mādrīputrau ca tau ubhau

1. Dhritarashtra said: 'How fares the son of Kunti, King of righteousness (dharma), Yudhishthira? And Bhimasena, Savyasaci (Arjuna), and both those sons of Madri?'

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• गच्छति (gacchati) - he/she/it goes, fares

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Yudhishthira, Arjuna, or Bhimasena (son of Kunti)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhishthira (king of righteousness (dharma))

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhimasena

• सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna (one who can shoot with the left hand, ambidextrous)

• माद्रीपुत्रौ (mādrīputrau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the two sons of Madri)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तौ (tau) - those two

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - name of a king

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Reduplicated perfect

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

गच्छति (gacchati) - he/she/it goes, fares

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present Tense

Root: gam (class 1)

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Yudhishthira, Arjuna, or Bhimasena (son of Kunti)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira here.

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhishthira (king of righteousness (dharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness (dharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - name of the eldest Pandava, steady in battle

भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhimasena

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - name of the second Pandava

सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna (one who can shoot with the left hand, ambidextrous)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - one who can shoot with the left hand (Arjuna)

Note: Proper epithet for Arjuna.

माद्रीपुत्रौ (mādrīputrau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the two sons of Madri)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mādrīputra

mādrīputra - son of Madri

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mādrī+putra)

• mādrī – Madri (name of Pandu's second wife)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Nakula and Sahadeva.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both