महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-71, verse-26

राहुरग्रसदादित्यमपर्वणि विशां पते ।
उल्का चाप्यपसव्यं तु पुरं कृत्वा व्यशीर्यत ॥२६॥

26. rāhuragrasadādityamaparvaṇi viśāṁ pate ,
ulkā cāpyapasavyaṁ tu puraṁ kṛtvā vyaśīryata.

26. rāhuḥ agrasat ādityam aparvaṇi viśām pate ulkā
ca api apasavyam tu puram kṛtvā vyaśīryata

26. O lord of the people, Rahu eclipsed the sun at an unpropitious time. And a meteor, having circled the city ominously (apasavya) from the right, then shattered.

Words meanings summery:

• राहुः (rāhuḥ) - Rahu (mythological planet/demon causing eclipses)

• अग्रसत् (agrasat) - he swallowed, he seized, he eclipsed

• आदित्यम् (ādityam) - the sun, the son of Aditi

• अपर्वणि (aparvaṇi) - at an unseasonable time, not on an eclipse day

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - Addressing the ruler, likely Dhritarashtra. (O lord! O master!)

• उल्का (ulkā) - meteor, firebrand, torch

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

• अपसव्यम् (apasavyam) - Indicates an ominous circumambulation by the meteor around the city. (counter-clockwise, inauspiciously, to the left)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• पुरम् (puram) - the city

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - Having circled around the city. (having done, having made, having circled)

• व्यशीर्यत (vyaśīryata) - it shattered, it fell apart, it was scattered

Words meanings and morphology

राहुः (rāhuḥ) - Rahu (mythological planet/demon causing eclipses)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāhu

rāhu - the ascending node of the moon, a demon supposed to seize the sun or moon and thus cause eclipses

Masculine noun.

Note: Subject of 'agrasat'.

अग्रसत् (agrasat) - he swallowed, he seized, he eclipsed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of gras

Imperfect active, 3rd singular of root 'gras' (to swallow). 'a' is augment for past tense.

Root: gras (class 1)

आदित्यम् (ādityam) - the sun, the son of Aditi

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun, son of Aditi, a god

Masculine noun, here used in accusative singular.

अपर्वणि (aparvaṇi) - at an unseasonable time, not on an eclipse day

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of aparvan

aparvan - not a festival day, not an eclipse day, unseasonable

Nañ-tatpurusha compound: 'a' (not) + 'parvan' (knot, joint, festival, proper time, especially of conjunction/opposition for eclipses). Here, in locative singular, implying 'at an unseasonable time'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+parvan)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• parvan – knot, joint, segment, festival, proper time (e.g. for an eclipse)
  noun (neuter)
  Neuter noun.

Note: Adverbial use.

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, tribe, community

Feminine noun, here in genitive plural.

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Possessive relation to 'pate'.

पते (pate) - Addressing the ruler, likely Dhritarashtra. (O lord! O master!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

Masculine noun, here in vocative singular. Often combines with other words, e.g., 'viśāmpati' (lord of the people).

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Vocative singular of 'pati'.

उल्का (ulkā) - meteor, firebrand, torch

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ulkā

ulkā - meteor, falling star, firebrand, torch

Feminine noun.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

Note: Connects the two events.

अपसव्यम् (apasavyam) - Indicates an ominous circumambulation by the meteor around the city. (counter-clockwise, inauspiciously, to the left)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apasavya

apasavya - counter-clockwise, inauspicious, left

Nañ-tatpurusha compound: 'a' (not) + 'savya' (right, favorable). 'Apasavya' indicates moving counter-clockwise around an object, which is considered an inauspicious direction for a portent. Here, accusative singular neuter, used adverbially.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+savya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• savya – right (side), favorable
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially, indicating an inauspicious direction for circling.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

पुरम् (puram) - the city

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, town

Neuter noun, here in accusative singular.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - Having circled around the city. (having done, having made, having circled)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form of root 'kṛ' (to do/make). In this context, 'having made a circuit' or 'having gone around'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Absolutive (gerund).

व्यशीर्यत (vyaśīryata) - it shattered, it fell apart, it was scattered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of śīr

Imperfect middle, 3rd singular of root 'śīr' (to shatter, decay) with upasarga 'vi' (apart). 'a' is augment for past tense.

Prefix: vi

Root: śīr (class 9)

Note: Root 'śīr' with 'vi' upasarga.