महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-71, verse-21

कृत्वा तु नैरृतान्दर्भान्धीरो धौम्यः पुरोहितः ।
सामानि गायन्याम्यानि पुरतो याति भारत ॥२१॥

21. kṛtvā tu nairṛtāndarbhāndhīro dhaumyaḥ purohitaḥ ,
sāmāni gāyanyāmyāni purato yāti bhārata.

21. kṛtvā tu nairṛtān darbān dhīraḥ dhaumyaḥ purohitaḥ
sāmāni gāyan yāmyāni purataḥ yāti bhārata

21. But, O Bhārata, the resolute priest Dhaumya, having arranged the kusha grass towards the direction of the demons (nirṛta), proceeds in front, singing the mournful (yāmya) Sāman chants.

Words meanings summery:

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having performed

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• नैरृतान् (nairṛtān) - directed towards the south-western quarter (associated with Nirṛti, a goddess of dissolution and misfortune) (demoniac, southern, relating to Nirṛti)

• दर्बान् (darbān) - the kusha grass used for ritual purposes (kusha grass)

• धीरः (dhīraḥ) - steady, firm, resolute, wise, courageous

• धौम्यः (dhaumyaḥ) - The family priest of the Pandavas. (Dhaumya)

• पुरोहितः (purohitaḥ) - family priest, chaplain

• सामानि (sāmāni) - the musical chants of the Sāma Veda (Sāman chants, hymns)

• गायन् (gāyan) - singing, chanting

• याम्यानि (yāmyāni) - mournful, associated with death (as Yama is the god of death) (southern, relating to Yama, funereal)

• पुरतः (purataḥ) - in front, before, eastward

• याति (yāti) - he goes, proceeds

• भारत (bhārata) - O Yudhishthira (or Dhritarashtra, depending on who is being addressed in the larger narrative) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root kṛ with suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

नैरृतान् (nairṛtān) - directed towards the south-western quarter (associated with Nirṛti, a goddess of dissolution and misfortune) (demoniac, southern, relating to Nirṛti)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nairṛta

nairṛta - belonging to Nirṛti, demoniac, south-western

Derived from Nirṛti, with suffix aṇ (P. 4.2.24).

Note: Agrees with 'darbān' (kusha grass) in masculine plural accusative, implying the direction or quality of the grass.

दर्बान् (darbān) - the kusha grass used for ritual purposes (kusha grass)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of darbha

darbha - kusha grass (Poa cynosuroides), sacred grass

Note: Object of the absolutive 'kṛtvā'.

धीरः (dhīraḥ) - steady, firm, resolute, wise, courageous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīra

dhīra - steady, firm, resolute, wise, courageous

Note: Adjective describing Dhaumya.

धौम्यः (dhaumyaḥ) - The family priest of the Pandavas. (Dhaumya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhaumya

dhaumya - Dhaumya (proper name)

Derived from dhūma.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पुरोहितः (purohitaḥ) - family priest, chaplain

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purohita

purohita - one placed in front, chief priest, chaplain

Note: Appositive to Dhaumya.

सामानि (sāmāni) - the musical chants of the Sāma Veda (Sāman chants, hymns)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sāman

sāman - Sāman chant, melody, song

Note: Object of the participle 'gāyan'.

गायन् (gāyan) - singing, chanting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāyat

gāyat - singing, chanter

Present Active Participle

Derived from root gai (to sing).

Root: gai (class 1)

Note: Modifies Dhaumya, indicating an action performed concurrently with 'yāti'.

याम्यानि (yāmyāni) - mournful, associated with death (as Yama is the god of death) (southern, relating to Yama, funereal)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of yāmya

yāmya - southern, relating to Yama; funereal

Derived from Yama, with suffix ya.

Note: Agrees with 'sāmāni' in neuter plural accusative.

पुरतः (purataḥ) - in front, before, eastward

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas added to pura.

याति (yāti) - he goes, proceeds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: yā (class 2)

भारत (bhārata) - O Yudhishthira (or Dhritarashtra, depending on who is being addressed in the larger narrative) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, Indian

Derived from Bharata.