महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-71, verse-23

हा हा गच्छन्ति नो नाथाः समवेक्षध्वमीदृशम् ।
इति पौराः सुदुःखार्ताः क्रोशन्ति स्म समन्ततः ॥२३॥

23. hā hā gacchanti no nāthāḥ samavekṣadhvamīdṛśam ,
iti paurāḥ suduḥkhārtāḥ krośanti sma samantataḥ.

23. hā hā gacchanti naḥ nāthāḥ samavekṣadhvam īdṛśam
iti paurāḥ suduḥkhārtāḥ krośanti sma samantataḥ

23. "Oh no, our protectors are departing! Witness this tragic situation!" Thus, the citizens, deeply distressed, cried out from all sides.

Words meanings summery:

• हा (hā) - Expressing sorrow or distress. (Alas! Oh!)

• हा (hā) - Expressing sorrow or distress. (Alas! Oh!)

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they are going, they depart

• नः (naḥ) - our, to us

• नाथाः (nāthāḥ) - protectors, lords, masters

• समवेक्षध्वम् (samavekṣadhvam) - behold, observe, look carefully

• ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such, of this kind, this (situation)

• इति (iti) - Marks direct speech or thought. (thus, so, in this manner)

• पौराः (paurāḥ) - citizens, town dwellers

• सुदुःखार्ताः (suduḥkhārtāḥ) - The citizens were extremely distressed by sorrow. (deeply distressed by sorrow, extremely afflicted by misery)

• क्रोशन्ति (krośanti) - they cry out, they lament, they shout

• स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense (when used with present tense verb)

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around, everywhere

Words meanings and morphology

हा (hā) - Expressing sorrow or distress. (Alas! Oh!)

(indeclinable)

हा (hā) - Expressing sorrow or distress. (Alas! Oh!)

(indeclinable)

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they are going, they depart

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present active, 3rd plural

Root: gam (class 1)

नः (naḥ) - our, to us

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

नाथाः (nāthāḥ) - protectors, lords, masters

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nātha

nātha - lord, master, protector

समवेक्षध्वम् (samavekṣadhvam) - behold, observe, look carefully

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of samavekṣ

Imperative, 2nd plural, middle voice. Formed with upasargas 'sam' and 'ava'.

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Formed from root īkṣ with upasargas sam and ava.

ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such, of this kind, this (situation)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of īdṛśa

īdṛśa - such, of this kind, like this

Note: Often used adverbially.

इति (iti) - Marks direct speech or thought. (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

पौराः (paurāḥ) - citizens, town dwellers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paura

paura - a citizen, town-dweller

Derived from pura (city)

सुदुःखार्ताः (suduḥkhārtāḥ) - The citizens were extremely distressed by sorrow. (deeply distressed by sorrow, extremely afflicted by misery)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suduḥkhārta

suduḥkhārta - greatly distressed by sorrow

Compound formed with 'su' (very), 'duḥkha' (sorrow), and 'ārta' (afflicted).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+duḥkha+ārta)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating excellence or intensity.
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ard' (to pain, afflict) with 'kta' suffix. Meaning 'distressed'.
  Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'paurāḥ'.

क्रोशन्ति (krośanti) - they cry out, they lament, they shout

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kruś

Present active, 3rd plural

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: The 'sma' particle indicates past tense.

स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense (when used with present tense verb)

(indeclinable)

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around, everywhere

(indeclinable)

Derived from samanta (all-sided) with the suffix -tas (indicating 'from' or 'on all sides').