महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-19, verse-40

एवं विरागवसना बहिर्माल्यानुलेपनाः ।
सत्यं वदत के यूयं सत्यं राजसु शोभते ॥४०॥

40. evaṁ virāgavasanā bahirmālyānulepanāḥ ,
satyaṁ vadata ke yūyaṁ satyaṁ rājasu śobhate.

40. evam virāga-vasanāḥ bahiḥ-mālya-anulepanāḥ |
satyam vadata ke yūyam satyam rājasu śobhate

40. Therefore, wearing plain, unadorned garments and being devoid of external garlands and ointments, tell me truly, who are you? Indeed, truth is fitting for kings.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• विराग-वसनाः (virāga-vasanāḥ) - wearing faded garments, wearing plain or discolored clothes

• बहिः-माल्य-अनुलेपनाः (bahiḥ-mālya-anulepanāḥ) - lacking external garlands and ointments (consistent with the expected appearance of real Brahmins, as stated in verse 44589) (externally unadorned, lacking external garlands and ointments)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth

• वदत (vadata) - tell, speak

• के (ke) - who (plural)

• यूयम् (yūyam) - you (plural)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth

• राजसु (rājasu) - among kings, for kings

• शोभते (śobhate) - shines, is fitting, is becoming, is proper

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects to the preceding statement or observation.

विराग-वसनाः (virāga-vasanāḥ) - wearing faded garments, wearing plain or discolored clothes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of virāga-vasana

virāga-vasana - wearing discolored/faded/unadorned garments

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (virāga+vasana)

• virāga – discolored, faded, plain, devoid of color/passion
  adjective (masculine)
• vasana – garment, clothing
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `yūyam` (implied).

बहिः-माल्य-अनुलेपनाः (bahiḥ-mālya-anulepanāḥ) - lacking external garlands and ointments (consistent with the expected appearance of real Brahmins, as stated in verse 44589) (externally unadorned, lacking external garlands and ointments)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahiḥ-mālya-anulepana

bahiḥ-mālya-anulepana - one who has (or in context, lacks) external garlands and ointments

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahiḥ+mālya+anulepana)

• bahiḥ – outside, externally
  indeclinable
• mālya – garland, wreath
  noun (neuter)
• anulepana – ointment, unguent, smearing
  noun (neuter)
  action noun from anulep
  Prefix: anu
  Root: lip (class 6)

Note: Qualifies `yūyam` (implied).

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality

Note: Object of `vadata`.

वदत (vadata) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Present active second plural imperative

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Command to the Pandavas.

के (ke) - who (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

यूयम् (yūyam) - you (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of the implied verb "are".

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality

Note: Subject of `śobhate`.

राजसु (rājasu) - among kings, for kings

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Indicates the domain where truth is proper.

शोभते (śobhate) - shines, is fitting, is becoming, is proper

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śubh

Present middle third singular

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: The verb "shines" or "is fitting".