महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-19, verse-30

उवाच चैतान्राजासौ स्वागतं वोऽस्त्विति प्रभुः ।
तस्य ह्येतद्व्रतं राजन्बभूव भुवि विश्रुतम् ॥३०॥

30. uvāca caitānrājāsau svāgataṁ vo'stviti prabhuḥ ,
tasya hyetadvrataṁ rājanbabhūva bhuvi viśrutam.

30. uvāca ca etān rājā asau svāgatam vaḥ astu iti prabhuḥ
| tasya hi etat vratam rājan babhūva bhuvi viśrutam

30. And that mighty King (Jarāsandha) said to them, "Welcome to you!" Indeed, O King, this sacred observance (vrata) of his was well-known on earth.

Words meanings summery:

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• च (ca) - and, also

• एतान् (etān) - these

• राजा (rājā) - king

• असौ (asau) - referring to Jarāsandha (that, he)

• स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - welcome

• वः (vaḥ) - to you, your

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

• इति (iti) - thus, so (introducing a quote)

• प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - Referring to Jarāsandha as a powerful king. (lord, master, mighty one, king)

• तस्य (tasya) - his, its

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• एतत् (etat) - this

• व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, sacred observance, religious practice

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing the narrator, e.g., Dhritarashtra or Janamejaya. (O king)

• बभूव (babhūva) - it was, it became

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world

• विश्रुतम् (viśrutam) - renowned, famous, well-heard

Words meanings and morphology

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect tense, Active voice (Parasmaipada)

Irregular perfect formation of root √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एतान् (etān) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

n-stem declension.

Root: rāj

असौ (asau) - referring to Jarāsandha (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (remote demonstrative pronoun)

Irregular declension.

स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - welcome

(indeclinable)

Also functions as a noun or adjective.

Note: While svāgata can be an adjective (well-come), in this context, it's used as an interjection/indeclinable.

वः (vaḥ) - to you, your

(pronoun)

plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person plural pronoun.

Note: Enclitic form.

अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (Lot) of as

Imperative mood

Root √as in imperative 3rd person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so (introducing a quote)

(indeclinable)

प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - Referring to Jarāsandha as a powerful king. (lord, master, mighty one, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, powerful, eminent

From pra- + √bhū.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - his, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, his, its

Note: Refers to Jarāsandha.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to vratam.

व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, sacred observance, religious practice

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, sacred observance, religious practice, rule

Root: vṛ

Note: Wrapped in brackets in translation: (vrata).

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing the narrator, e.g., Dhritarashtra or Janamejaya. (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

n-stem declension.

Root: rāj

बभूव (babhūva) - it was, it became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of bhū

Perfect tense, Active voice (Parasmaipada)

Root √bhū in perfect 3rd person singular.

Root: bhū (class 1)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, world

ū ending feminine noun.

विश्रुतम् (viśrutam) - renowned, famous, well-heard

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viśruta

viśruta - renowned, famous, heard everywhere

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root √śru with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: śru (class 5)