महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-19, verse-28

ते त्वतीत्य जनाकीर्णास्तिस्रः कक्ष्या नरर्षभाः ।
अहंकारेण राजानमुपतस्थुर्महाबलाः ॥२८॥

28. te tvatītya janākīrṇāstisraḥ kakṣyā nararṣabhāḥ ,
ahaṁkāreṇa rājānamupatasthurmahābalāḥ.

28. te tu atītya janākīrṇāḥ tisraḥ kakṣyāḥ nararṣabhāḥ
ahaṅkāreṇa rājānam upatasthuḥ mahābalāḥ

28. But those mighty heroes, the best among men (nararṣabhāḥ), having passed through the three enclosures crowded with people with bold confidence (ahaṅkāra), then approached the king.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - referring to the heroes (they, those)

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed, on the other hand

• अतीत्य (atītya) - having passed, having crossed, having overcome

• जनाकीर्णाः (janākīrṇāḥ) - qualifying 'kakṣyāḥ' (crowded with people, filled with men)

• तिस्रः (tisraḥ) - three enclosures (three)

• कक्ष्याः (kakṣyāḥ) - enclosures, courtyards, inner apartments

• नरर्षभाः (nararṣabhāḥ) - epithet for the heroes (bulls among men, best among men, chief of men)

• अहङ्कारेण (ahaṅkāreṇa) - with bold confidence, indicating a defiant or fearless approach (with ego, with self-conceit, with pride, with boldness)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - King Jarāsandha (the king)

• उपतस्थुः (upatasthuḥ) - they approached, they stood near, they honored

• महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - referring to the heroes (mighty, powerful, very strong)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - referring to the heroes (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

अतीत्य (atītya) - having passed, having crossed, having overcome

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root i (to go) with prefix ati

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

जनाकीर्णाः (janākīrṇāḥ) - qualifying 'kakṣyāḥ' (crowded with people, filled with men)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of janākīrṇa

janākīrṇa - crowded with people, filled with men

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+ākīrṇa)

• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
• ākīrṇa – filled, crowded, covered, spread
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kīr (to scatter, strew) with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kīr (class 6)

तिस्रः (tisraḥ) - three enclosures (three)

(numeral)

कक्ष्याः (kakṣyāḥ) - enclosures, courtyards, inner apartments

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of kakṣyā

kakṣyā - enclosure, courtyard, inner apartment, zone, belt

नरर्षभाः (nararṣabhāḥ) - epithet for the heroes (bulls among men, best among men, chief of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - bull among men, best among men, chief of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, human being, hero
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

अहङ्कारेण (ahaṅkāreṇa) - with bold confidence, indicating a defiant or fearless approach (with ego, with self-conceit, with pride, with boldness)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ahaṅkāra

ahaṅkāra - ego, self-conceit, pride, arrogance, self-consciousness

Compound of aham (I) and kāra (making, doing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (aham+kāra)

• aham – I, ego
  pronoun
• kāra – making, doing, performing, agent
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

राजानम् (rājānam) - King Jarāsandha (the king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

उपतस्थुः (upatasthuḥ) - they approached, they stood near, they honored

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of upa-sthā

Perfect tense, 3rd plural

From root sthā (to stand) with prefix upa, parasmaipada

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - referring to the heroes (mighty, powerful, very strong)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahābala

mahābala - mighty, powerful, very strong

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• bala – strength, power, might, force
  noun (neuter)