महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-19, verse-24

बलाद्गृहीत्वा माल्यानि मालाकारान्महाबलाः ।
विरागवसनाः सर्वे स्रग्विणो मृष्टकुण्डलाः ॥२४॥

24. balādgṛhītvā mālyāni mālākārānmahābalāḥ ,
virāgavasanāḥ sarve sragviṇo mṛṣṭakuṇḍalāḥ.

24. balāt gṛhītvā mālyāni mālākārān mahābalāḥ
virāgavasanāḥ sarve sragviṇaḥ mṛṣṭakuṇḍalāḥ

24. All the mighty ones, having forcibly seized garlands from the garland-makers, were dressed in faded garments, adorned with garlands, and wore shining earrings.

Words meanings summery:

• बलात् (balāt) - They took the garlands without permission, indicating their disregard for conventional norms in this situation. (by force, forcibly)

• गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - Describes their action of acquiring the garlands. (having taken, having seized)

• माल्यानि (mālyāni) - The flower garlands taken from the sellers. (garlands, wreaths)

• मालाकारान् (mālākārān) - The persons from whom the garlands were taken. The accusative here implies "from" in the context of taking. (garland-makers, florists (accusative plural))

• महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - Refers to Kṛṣṇa, Bhīma, and Arjuna, highlighting their inherent strength despite their disguise. (mighty, powerful ones)

• विरागवसनाः (virāgavasanāḥ) - Part of their disguise as mendicant brahmins or common travelers. (wearing faded/discolored garments)

• सर्वे (sarve) - All three heroes, Kṛṣṇa, Bhīma, and Arjuna. (all, everyone)

• स्रग्विणः (sragviṇaḥ) - They wore the garlands they had forcibly taken. (wearing garlands, adorned with garlands)

• मृष्टकुण्डलाः (mṛṣṭakuṇḍalāḥ) - Part of their adorned appearance. (wearing polished earrings, having clean/shining earrings)

Words meanings and morphology

बलात् (balāt) - They took the garlands without permission, indicating their disregard for conventional norms in this situation. (by force, forcibly)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, force, power

Note: Used adverbially.

गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - Describes their action of acquiring the garlands. (having taken, having seized)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Root 'grah' (from 'grah' -> 'gṛh') + suffix 'tvā'.

Root: grah (class 9)

माल्यानि (mālyāni) - The flower garlands taken from the sellers. (garlands, wreaths)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of mālya

mālya - garland, wreath, flowers for a garland

Note: Object of gṛhītvā.

मालाकारान् (mālākārān) - The persons from whom the garlands were taken. The accusative here implies "from" in the context of taking. (garland-makers, florists (accusative plural))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mālākāra

mālākāra - garland-maker, florist

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mālā+kāra)

• mālā – garland, wreath, rosary
  noun (feminine)
• kāra – maker, doer, causing, hand
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The object from whom something is taken can sometimes be expressed in the accusative with certain verbs.

महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - Refers to Kṛṣṇa, Bhīma, and Arjuna, highlighting their inherent strength despite their disguise. (mighty, powerful ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahābala

mahābala - very strong, powerful, mighty

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: In apposition to the implied subject (they).

विरागवसनाः (virāgavasanāḥ) - Part of their disguise as mendicant brahmins or common travelers. (wearing faded/discolored garments)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of virāgavasana

virāgavasana - wearing faded/discolored garments

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (virāga+vasana)

• virāga – discolored, faded, indifferent, detached
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• vasana – garment, cloth, clothing
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'vas' (to wear)
  Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Agrees with sarve (and implied subject).

सर्वे (sarve) - All three heroes, Kṛṣṇa, Bhīma, and Arjuna. (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Refers to the three heroes.

स्रग्विणः (sragviṇaḥ) - They wore the garlands they had forcibly taken. (wearing garlands, adorned with garlands)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sragvin

sragvin - wearing a garland, adorned with a garland

From sraj (garland) + suffix vin.

Note: Agrees with sarve.

मृष्टकुण्डलाः (mṛṣṭakuṇḍalāḥ) - Part of their adorned appearance. (wearing polished earrings, having clean/shining earrings)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mṛṣṭakuṇḍala

mṛṣṭakuṇḍala - having polished earrings, wearing shining earrings

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mṛṣṭa+kuṇḍala)

• mṛṣṭa – cleaned, polished, purified, fine
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root 'mṛj' (to wipe, clean) + suffix 'kta'.
  Root: mṛj (class 2)
• kuṇḍala – earring, coil, ring
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with sarve.