महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-46, verse-36

अष्टास्वेतेषु युक्तः स्याद्व्रतेषु नियतेन्द्रियः ।
अपापमशठं वृत्तमजिह्मं नित्यमाचरेत् ॥३६॥

36. aṣṭāsveteṣu yuktaḥ syādvrateṣu niyatendriyaḥ ,
apāpamaśaṭhaṁ vṛttamajihmaṁ nityamācaret.

36. aṣṭāsu eteṣu yuktaḥ syāt vrateṣu niyatendriyaḥ
apāpam aśaṭham vṛttam ajihmam nityam ācaret

36. With senses controlled, one should be committed to these eight vows. One should always engage in conduct that is sinless, free from deceit, and honest.

Words meanings summery:

• अष्टासु (aṣṭāsu) - in these eight (vows) (in eight, among eight)

• एतेषु (eteṣu) - in these (vows) (in these, among these)

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - committed to, devoted to (joined, endowed with, engaged in, fit, proper, self-controlled)

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be (may be, should be, let him be)

• व्रतेषु (vrateṣu) - in vows (in vows, in observances)

• नियतेन्द्रियः (niyatendriyaḥ) - having controlled senses (one whose senses are controlled)

• अपापम् (apāpam) - sinless (sinless, free from evil)

• अशठम् (aśaṭham) - free from deceit (not deceitful, honest, straightforward)

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct (conduct, behavior, occurrence, event)

• अजिह्मम् (ajihmam) - honest (not crooked, honest, straightforward, sincere)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

• आचरेत् (ācaret) - one should engage in / practice (one should practice/perform/do)

Words meanings and morphology

अष्टासु (aṣṭāsu) - in these eight (vows) (in eight, among eight)

(numeral)

Note: Refers to the eight virtues listed in the previous verse.

एतेषु (eteṣu) - in these (vows) (in these, among these)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of etat

etat - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'vrateṣu'.

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - committed to, devoted to (joined, endowed with, engaged in, fit, proper, self-controlled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, connected, endowed with, engaged in, disciplined, attentive

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yuj' (to join, to yoke) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Implies 'one who is engaged/devoted'.

स्यात् (syāt) - should be (may be, should be, let him be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Optative Mood, Third Person Singular

From root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

व्रतेषु (vrateṣu) - in vows (in vows, in observances)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vrata

vrata - vow, sacred observance, religious practice, rule

Root: vṛ (class 9)

नियतेन्द्रियः (niyatendriyaḥ) - having controlled senses (one whose senses are controlled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyatendriya

niyatendriya - one who has controlled senses, self-controlled

Compound. 'niyata' (controlled) + 'indriya' (sense).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (niyata+indriya)

• niyata – controlled, restrained, regulated, fixed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'ni-' (down, in) + root 'yam' (to restrain, control) + 'kta' suffix.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty, power
  noun (neuter)
  Related to Indra, or from 'ind' (to be powerful).

Note: Refers to the implied subject of 'syāt'.

अपापम् (apāpam) - sinless (sinless, free from evil)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apāpa

apāpa - sinless, stainless, blameless, free from evil

From 'a-' (negative prefix) + 'pāpa' (sin, evil).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pāpa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• pāpa – sin, evil, wicked, bad
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'vṛttam'.

अशठम् (aśaṭham) - free from deceit (not deceitful, honest, straightforward)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśaṭha

aśaṭha - not deceitful, honest, sincere, straightforward

From 'a-' (negative prefix) + 'śaṭha' (deceitful, cunning).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śaṭha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• śaṭha – deceitful, cunning, rogue
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'vṛttam'.

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct (conduct, behavior, occurrence, event)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - conduct, behavior, event, story, what has happened

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛt' (to be, to happen, to exist) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of 'ācaret'.

अजिह्मम् (ajihmam) - honest (not crooked, honest, straightforward, sincere)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ajihma

ajihma - not crooked, straightforward, honest, sincere

From 'a-' (negative prefix) + 'jihma' (crooked, dishonest).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jihma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• jihma – crooked, oblique, dishonest, deceitful
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'vṛttam'.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

From 'ni' + 'tya'.

Note: Functions adverbially, meaning 'always'.

आचरेत् (ācaret) - one should engage in / practice (one should practice/perform/do)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of ācar

Optative Mood, Third Person Singular

From 'ā-' (towards) + root 'car' (to move, act).

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject is implied (a person who is 'niyatendriyaḥ').