महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-46, verse-28

मात्राशी कालमाकाङ्क्षंश्चरेद्भैक्ष्यं समाहितः ।
लाभं साधारणं नेच्छेन्न भुञ्जीताभिपूजितः ।
अभिपूजितलाभाद्धि विजुगुप्सेत भिक्षुकः ॥२८॥

28. mātrāśī kālamākāṅkṣaṁścaredbhaikṣyaṁ samāhitaḥ ,
lābhaṁ sādhāraṇaṁ necchenna bhuñjītābhipūjitaḥ ,
abhipūjitalābhāddhi vijugupseta bhikṣukaḥ.

28. mātrāśī kālam ākāṅkṣan ca caret
bhaikṣyam samāhitaḥ lābham sādhāraṇam na
icchet na bhuñjīta abhipūjitaḥ
abhipūjitalābhāt hi vijugupseta bhikṣukaḥ

28. mātrāśī ca kālam ākāṅkṣan samāhitaḥ
bhaikṣyam caret lābham sādhāraṇam na
icchet ca abhipūjitaḥ na bhuñjīta hi
bhikṣukaḥ abhipūjitalābhāt vijugupseta

28. Eating in moderation and awaiting the opportune moment, one should seek alms with a concentrated mind. One should not desire ordinary worldly gain, nor should one eat when highly honored. Indeed, a mendicant should feel aversion towards any gain obtained through being honored.

Words meanings summery:

• मात्राशी (mātrāśī) - eating a moderate amount of food (eating in moderation, eating only a measure)

• कालम् (kālam) - the opportune moment (for begging) (time, season, proper time)

• आकाङ्क्षन् (ākāṅkṣan) - awaiting the opportune moment (desiring, wishing, awaiting)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• चरेत् (caret) - one should seek (alms by wandering) (one should wander, move, practice)

• भैक्ष्यम् (bhaikṣyam) - the collected alms (food) (alms, food obtained by begging)

• समाहितः (samāhitaḥ) - with a concentrated mind (concentrated, composed, collected)

• लाभम् (lābham) - worldly profit or gain (gain, acquisition)

• साधारणम् (sādhāraṇam) - ordinary worldly gain (not spiritual gain) (common, ordinary, general)

• न (na) - not (not, nor)

• इच्छेत् (icchet) - one should not desire (one should desire, wish for)

• न (na) - not (not, nor)

• भुञ्जीत (bhuñjīta) - one should not eat (one should eat, enjoy)

• अभिपूजितः (abhipūjitaḥ) - when one is highly honored (by donors) (honored, revered, worshipped)

• अभिपूजितलाभात् (abhipūjitalābhāt) - from any profit or alms received due to being revered (from gain obtained by being honored)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, for)

• विजुगुप्सेत (vijugupseta) - the mendicant should feel aversion (one should feel aversion, loathe, despise)

• भिक्षुकः (bhikṣukaḥ) - the ascetic who begs for alms (mendicant, beggar, ascetic)

Words meanings and morphology

मात्राशी (mātrāśī) - eating a moderate amount of food (eating in moderation, eating only a measure)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mātrāśin

mātrāśin - eating in moderation, eating a limited quantity

Compound of mātrā (measure, quantity) and aśin (eating).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mātrā+aśin)

• mātrā – measure, quantity, amount
  noun (feminine)
• aśin – eating, one who eats
  adjective (masculine)
  From √aś (to eat)
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Predicative adjective for the implied subject (bhikṣu).

कालम् (kālam) - the opportune moment (for begging) (time, season, proper time)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, destiny

Note: Object of 'ākāṅkṣan'.

आकाङ्क्षन् (ākāṅkṣan) - awaiting the opportune moment (desiring, wishing, awaiting)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of √kāṅkṣ

√kāṅkṣ - to desire, wish for, long for

Present Active Participle

From √kāṅkṣ (1st class, kāṅkṣati) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Describes a concurrent action of the subject.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

चरेत् (caret) - one should seek (alms by wandering) (one should wander, move, practice)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of √car

Optative parasmaipada 3rd singular

From √car (1st class, carati), optative parasmaipada 'et'.

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the first clause.

भैक्ष्यम् (bhaikṣyam) - the collected alms (food) (alms, food obtained by begging)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaikṣya

bhaikṣya - alms, food obtained by begging, mendicancy

From bhikṣā (begging, alms)

Note: Object of 'caret'.

समाहितः (samāhitaḥ) - with a concentrated mind (concentrated, composed, collected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāhita

samāhita - collected, composed, attentive, absorbed in meditation, placed together

Past Passive Participle

From √dhā with prefixes sam and ā.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies the implied subject.

लाभम् (lābham) - worldly profit or gain (gain, acquisition)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lābha

lābha - gain, acquisition, profit, receipt

From √labh

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'icchet'.

साधारणम् (sādhāraṇam) - ordinary worldly gain (not spiritual gain) (common, ordinary, general)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sādhāraṇa

sādhāraṇa - common, general, ordinary, shared by many

From sadhāra (together with) or simply from dhṛ (to hold) with sa and ā.

Note: Agreement with 'lābham'.

न (na) - not (not, nor)

(indeclinable)

इच्छेत् (icchet) - one should not desire (one should desire, wish for)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of √iṣ

Optative parasmaipada 3rd singular

From √iṣ (6th class, icchati), optative parasmaipada 'et'.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Nullified by 'na'.

न (na) - not (not, nor)

(indeclinable)

भुञ्जीत (bhuñjīta) - one should not eat (one should eat, enjoy)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of √bhuj

Optative ātmanepada 3rd singular

From √bhuj (7th class, bhunakti/bhuṅkte), optative ātmanepada 'īta'.

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Refers to eating the alms.

अभिपूजितः (abhipūjitaḥ) - when one is highly honored (by donors) (honored, revered, worshipped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhipūjita

abhipūjita - honored, revered, worshipped, adored

Past Passive Participle

From √pūj (to honor) with prefix abhi.

Prefix: abhi

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Used predicatively, implying 'when one is honored'.

अभिपूजितलाभात् (abhipūjitalābhāt) - from any profit or alms received due to being revered (from gain obtained by being honored)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of abhipūjitalābha

abhipūjitalābha - gain from being honored, profit obtained through reverence

Compound of abhipūjita and lābha.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (abhipūjita+lābha)

• abhipūjita – honored, revered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √pūj with abhi
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: pūj (class 10)
• lābha – gain, acquisition
  noun (masculine)
  From √labh
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Indicates the source from which aversion should be felt.

हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

विजुगुप्सेत (vijugupseta) - the mendicant should feel aversion (one should feel aversion, loathe, despise)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of √gup

Desiderative optative ātmanepada 3rd singular

From desiderative stem 'jugupsa' of √gup, with prefix vi. Optative ātmanepada 'eta'.

Prefix: vi

Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Expresses a strong recommendation for the mendicant's conduct.

भिक्षुकः (bhikṣukaḥ) - the ascetic who begs for alms (mendicant, beggar, ascetic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhikṣuka

bhikṣuka - mendicant, beggar, one who lives on alms, an ascetic

From √bhikṣ (desiderative of √bhaj, to share) +uka.

Root: bhikṣ (class 1)