महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-46, verse-11

अर्चयन्नतिथीन्काले दद्याच्चापि प्रतिश्रयम् ।
फलपत्रावरैर्मूलैः श्यामाकेन च वर्तयन् ॥११॥

11. arcayannatithīnkāle dadyāccāpi pratiśrayam ,
phalapatrāvarairmūlaiḥ śyāmākena ca vartayan.

11. arcayan atithīn kāle dadyāt ca api pratiśrayam
phalapatrāvaraiḥ mūlaiḥ śyāmākena ca vartayan

11. arcayan kāle atithīn pratiśrayam ca api dadyāt
phalapatrāvaraiḥ mūlaiḥ śyāmakena ca vartayan

11. Honoring guests at the proper time, one should also offer them shelter. One should sustain oneself with fruits, leaves, inferior roots, and śyāmāka millet.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्चयन् (arcayan) - honoring, worshiping, offering

• अतिथीन् (atithīn) - guests

• काले (kāle) - at the time, in due season

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give, may give

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• प्रतिश्रयम् (pratiśrayam) - shelter, lodging, refuge

• फलपत्रावरैः (phalapatrāvaraiḥ) - with fruits, leaves, and inferior items

• मूलैः (mūlaiḥ) - with roots

• श्यामाकेन (śyāmākena) - with śyāmāka millet

• च (ca) - and, also

• वर्तयन् (vartayan) - subsisting, maintaining, living

Words meanings and morphology

अर्चयन् (arcayan) - honoring, worshiping, offering

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arcayat

arcayat - one who honors, one who worships

Present Active Participle

Derived from √arc (P. 1) 'to shine, praise, worship' with -śatṛ suffix

Root: arc (class 1)

अतिथीन् (atithīn) - guests

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of atithi

atithi - guest, stranger, one who comes without a fixed date

काले (kāle) - at the time, in due season

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give, may give

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Liṅ) of dā

Optative Mood

Root √dā, Class 3, Parasmaipada

Root: dā (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

प्रतिश्रयम् (pratiśrayam) - shelter, lodging, refuge

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pratiśraya

pratiśraya - shelter, lodging, refuge, asylum

Prefix: prati

Root: śri (class 1)

फलपत्रावरैः (phalapatrāvaraiḥ) - with fruits, leaves, and inferior items

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of phalapatrāvara

phalapatrāvara - fruits, leaves, and inferior things

Compound type : dvandva (phala+patra+avara)

• phala – fruit, result
  noun (neuter)
• patra – leaf
  noun (neuter)
• avara – inferior, lower, mean, subsequent
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: ava

Note: In this context, it refers to 'inferior' or 'simple' items of food.

मूलैः (mūlaiḥ) - with roots

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of mūla

mūla - root, origin, foundation

श्यामाकेन (śyāmākena) - with śyāmāka millet

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śyāmāka

śyāmāka - a species of millet (Panicum frumentaceum)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वर्तयन् (vartayan) - subsisting, maintaining, living

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vartayat

vartayat - one who subsists, one who lives

Present Active Participle

Derived from √vṛt (P. 1) 'to be, exist, turn' in the causative sense 'to cause to live, sustain' with -śatṛ suffix

Root: vṛt (class 1)