महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-46, verse-23

नाददीत परस्वानि न गृह्णीयादयाचितम् ।
न किंचिद्विषयं भुक्त्वा स्पृहयेत्तस्य वै पुनः ॥२३॥

23. nādadīta parasvāni na gṛhṇīyādayācitam ,
na kiṁcidviṣayaṁ bhuktvā spṛhayettasya vai punaḥ.

23. na adadīta parasvāni na gṛhṇīyāt ayācitam na
kiṃcit viṣayam bhuktvā spṛhayet tasya vai punaḥ

23. na parasvāni adadīta na ayācitam gṛhṇīyāt na
kiṃcit viṣayam bhuktvā tasya punaḥ vai spṛhayet

23. One should not take what belongs to others, nor should one accept what is not offered. Having once experienced any sense object, one should not long for it again.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• अददीत (adadīta) - should take, should accept

• परस्वानि (parasvāni) - belongings of others

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• गृह्णीयात् (gṛhṇīyāt) - should take, should accept

• अयाचितम् (ayācitam) - what is not asked for, unsolicited

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything, something

• विषयम् (viṣayam) - sense object, object of desire (object, sphere, domain, sense object)

• भुक्त्वा (bhuktvā) - having enjoyed, having eaten, having experienced

• स्पृहयेत् (spṛhayet) - should long for, should desire

• तस्य (tasya) - of that, for that

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back, once more

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

अददीत (adadīta) - should take, should accept

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi liṅ) of ā-dā

Optative Mood

3rd person singular, Ātmanepada, from root dā with prefix ā (to take)

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

परस्वानि (parasvāni) - belongings of others

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of parasva

parasva - property of another, belongings of others

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+sva)

• para – other, another, alien
  adjective (masculine)
• sva – one's own, self, property, wealth
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

गृह्णीयात् (gṛhṇīyāt) - should take, should accept

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of grah

Optative Mood

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, from root grah (9th class)

Root: grah (class 9)

अयाचितम् (ayācitam) - what is not asked for, unsolicited

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ayācita

ayācita - unasked, unsolicited, not begged for

Past Passive Participle

Negative prefix 'a' + Past Passive Participle from root 'yāc'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yācita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• yācita – asked, requested, begged
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'yāc' (to ask, to beg)
  Root: yāc (class 1)

Note: Used here as a substantive meaning 'that which is unsolicited'.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything, something

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kiṃcit

kiṁcit - anything, something, a little

From 'kim' (what) + 'cit' (an enclitic particle)

Note: Used here adjectivally with viṣayam.

विषयम् (viṣayam) - sense object, object of desire (object, sphere, domain, sense object)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣaya

viṣaya - object, sphere, range, domain, subject matter, sense object

Root: viṣ (class 1)

भुक्त्वा (bhuktvā) - having enjoyed, having eaten, having experienced

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from root bhuj (7th class) with suffix -tvā

Root: bhuj (class 7)

स्पृहयेत् (spṛhayet) - should long for, should desire

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of spṛh

Optative Mood

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, from root spṛh (10th class or caus. of 1st class)

Root: spṛh (class 10)

तस्य (tasya) - of that, for that

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: The verb spṛhayet (to long for) governs the genitive or dative case for the object of longing. Here, 'of that' implies 'for that'.

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back, once more

(indeclinable)