महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-130, verse-47

आत्मानमुपजीवन्यो नियतो नियताशनः ।
देहं वानशने त्यक्त्वा स स्वर्गं समुपाश्नुते ॥४७॥

47. ātmānamupajīvanyo niyato niyatāśanaḥ ,
dehaṁ vānaśane tyaktvā sa svargaṁ samupāśnute.

47. ātmānam upajīvanyaḥ niyataḥ niyatāśanaḥ deham
vā anaśane tyaktvā saḥ svargam samupāśnute

47. niyataḥ niyatāśanaḥ ātmānam upajīvanyaḥ vā
anaśane deham tyaktvā saḥ svargam samupāśnute

47. He who lives by his own self (ātman), restrained and with a regulated diet, or having abandoned the body by fasting, attains heaven.

Words meanings summery:

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's own inner self or spiritual essence (ātman) (the self, the soul, the individual essence)

• उपजीवन्यः (upajīvanyaḥ) - one who draws sustenance or life from (one who lives by, one who subsists on)

• नियतः (niyataḥ) - self-controlled, having senses and mind disciplined (controlled, restrained, disciplined, regular)

• नियताशनः (niyatāśanaḥ) - one whose diet is controlled as an ascetic practice (one who has regulated food, one who eats sparingly)

• देहम् (deham) - body

• वा (vā) - introduces an alternative condition for attaining heaven (or)

• अनशने (anaśane) - as a result of complete fasting (by not eating, by fasting, in starvation)

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up, having renounced

• सः (saḥ) - the ascetic person described (he, that (masculine singular))

• स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven, paradise

• समुपाश्नुते (samupāśnute) - attains, reaches, enjoys fully

Words meanings and morphology

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's own inner self or spiritual essence (ātman) (the self, the soul, the individual essence)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual essence, Brahman

Root: an (class 2)

उपजीवन्यः (upajīvanyaḥ) - one who draws sustenance or life from (one who lives by, one who subsists on)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upajīvin

upajīvin - living by, subsisting on, dependent on

Derived from root jīv with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implicit subject (he who...).

नियतः (niyataḥ) - self-controlled, having senses and mind disciplined (controlled, restrained, disciplined, regular)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyata

niyata - controlled, restrained, disciplined, fixed, regular

Past Passive Participle

From root yam with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

नियताशनः (niyatāśanaḥ) - one whose diet is controlled as an ascetic practice (one who has regulated food, one who eats sparingly)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyatāśana

niyatāśana - one whose food is regulated, one who eats sparingly or disciplinedly

Compound of niyata (regulated) + āśana (eating/food)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (niyata+āśana)

• niyata – regulated, restrained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yam with prefix ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• āśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  From root aś-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject, emphasizing dietary control.

देहम् (deham) - body

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, corporeal frame

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'.

वा (vā) - introduces an alternative condition for attaining heaven (or)

(indeclinable)

अनशने (anaśane) - as a result of complete fasting (by not eating, by fasting, in starvation)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of anaśana

anaśana - not eating, fasting, starvation

Compound of an- (negation) + aśana (eating)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+aśana)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• aśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  From root aś-
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Indicates the manner or condition of abandoning the body.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up, having renounced

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root tyaj with suffix -tvā

Root: tyaj (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - the ascetic person described (he, that (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to the implicit subject of the previous actions.

स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven, paradise

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, paradise, celestial realm

Note: Object of 'samupāśnute'.

समुपाश्नुते (samupāśnute) - attains, reaches, enjoys fully

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of āś

From root āś- with prefixes sam and upa

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: āś (class 5)

Note: Ātmanepada verb form.