महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-130, verse-13

वननित्यैर्वनचरैर्वनपैर्वनगोचरैः ।
वनं गुरुमिवासाद्य वस्तव्यं वनजीविभिः ॥१३॥

13. vananityairvanacarairvanapairvanagocaraiḥ ,
vanaṁ gurumivāsādya vastavyaṁ vanajīvibhiḥ.

13. vananityaiḥ vanacaraiḥ vanapaiḥ vanagocaraiḥ
vanam gurum iva āsādya vastavyam vanajīvibhiḥ

13. vanajīvibhiḥ vananityaiḥ vanacaraiḥ vanapaiḥ
vanagocaraiḥ vanam gurum iva āsādya vastavyam

13. Those who make their living in the forest, constantly residing there, moving through it, protecting its resources, and for whom the forest is their domain, should dwell there after having approached the forest as if it were a teacher (guru).

Words meanings summery:

• वननित्यैः (vananityaiḥ) - by hermits or ascetics who always reside in the forest (by those constantly in the forest)

• वनचरैः (vanacaraiḥ) - by hermits or ascetics who move about in the forest (by those moving in the forest, by forest-dwellers)

• वनपैः (vanapaiḥ) - by hermits or ascetics who protect or live off the forest's resources (by forest protectors, by those who drink from/subsist on the forest)

• वनगोचरैः (vanagocaraiḥ) - by hermits or ascetics for whom the forest is their domain (by those whose abode/pasture is the forest, by those moving about in the forest)

• वनम् (vanam) - the forest (as a place of dwelling/source of livelihood) (forest, wood)

• गुरुम् (gurum) - a teacher or spiritual guide (teacher, revered person, heavy)

• इव (iva) - as if it were (like, as, as if)

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having approached or resorted to (having attained, having reached, having approached)

• वस्तव्यम् (vastavyam) - one should dwell (in the forest) (should be dwelt in, must be lived)

• वनजीविभिः (vanajīvibhiḥ) - by hermits or ascetics who derive their livelihood from the forest (by those living in the forest)

Words meanings and morphology

वननित्यैः (vananityaiḥ) - by hermits or ascetics who always reside in the forest (by those constantly in the forest)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vananitya

vananitya - constantly in the forest, forest-dweller

Compound noun: vana (forest) + nitya (constant, permanent).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vana+nitya)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• nitya – constant, eternal, always present
  adjective (masculine/neuter/feminine)

Note: Agrees with vanajīvibhiḥ.

वनचरैः (vanacaraiḥ) - by hermits or ascetics who move about in the forest (by those moving in the forest, by forest-dwellers)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vanacara

vanacara - moving in the forest, forest-dweller, animal

Agent noun from √car

Compound noun: vana (forest) + cara (mover).

Compound type : Upapada Tatpuruṣa (vana+cara)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• cara – moving, going, a mover, dweller
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From √car (to move)
  Root: √car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vanajīvibhiḥ.

वनपैः (vanapaiḥ) - by hermits or ascetics who protect or live off the forest's resources (by forest protectors, by those who drink from/subsist on the forest)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vanapa

vanapa - forest guardian, one who drinks from the forest

Agent noun from √pā (to protect) or √pā (to drink)

Compound noun: vana (forest) + pa (protector/drinker).

Compound type : Upapada Tatpuruṣa (vana+pa)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• pa – protector, guardian; one who drinks
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From √pā (to protect/drink) with suffix -a
  Root: √pā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vanajīvibhiḥ.

वनगोचरैः (vanagocaraiḥ) - by hermits or ascetics for whom the forest is their domain (by those whose abode/pasture is the forest, by those moving about in the forest)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vanagocara

vanagocara - moving or grazing in the forest, inhabiting the forest

Compound noun: vana (forest) + gocara (range, sphere, pasture).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa / Bahuvrīhi (vana+gocara)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• gocara – range, sphere, pasture, scope
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of go (cow/sense) + cara (moving/range)
  Root: √car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vanajīvibhiḥ.

वनम् (vanam) - the forest (as a place of dwelling/source of livelihood) (forest, wood)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Note: Object of āsādya.

गुरुम् (gurum) - a teacher or spiritual guide (teacher, revered person, heavy)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, respected elder, heavy, important

From root √gṝ (to raise, lift, praise)

Root: √gṝ (class 6)

Note: Object of comparison with iva.

इव (iva) - as if it were (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

Note: Connects gurum and āsādya.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having approached or resorted to (having attained, having reached, having approached)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √sad (to sit) with prefix ā- and -ya suffix for absolutive.

Prefix: ā

Root: √sad (class 1)

Note: Denotes a prior action.

वस्तव्यम् (vastavyam) - one should dwell (in the forest) (should be dwelt in, must be lived)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vastavya

vastavya - to be dwelt in, to be lived, habitable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root √vas (to dwell) with suffix -tavya.

Root: √vas (class 1)

Note: The main predicate of the sentence.

वनजीविभिः (vanajīvibhiḥ) - by hermits or ascetics who derive their livelihood from the forest (by those living in the forest)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vanajīvin

vanajīvin - living in the forest, forest-dweller, hermit

Agent noun from √jīv

Compound noun: vana (forest) + jīvin (living).

Compound type : Upapada Tatpuruṣa (vana+jīvin)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• jīvin – living, existing; one who lives
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From √jīv (to live) with suffix -in
  Root: √jīv (class 1)

Note: The agent of the action 'should be dwelt'.