महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-130, verse-44

आहारनियमं कृत्वा मुनिर्द्वादशवार्षिकम् ।
मरुं संसाध्य यत्नेन राजा भवति पार्थिवः ॥४४॥

44. āhāraniyamaṁ kṛtvā munirdvādaśavārṣikam ,
maruṁ saṁsādhya yatnena rājā bhavati pārthivaḥ.

44. āhāranīyamam kṛtvā muniḥ dvādaśavārṣikam
marum saṃsādhya yatnena rājā bhavati pārthivaḥ

44. muniḥ dvādaśavārṣikam āhāranīyamam kṛtvā
yatnena marum saṃsādhya rājā pārthivaḥ bhavati

44. A sage (muni), having undertaken a twelve-year dietary regulation and diligently mastered the vital breaths (marut), becomes an earthly ruler.

Words meanings summery:

• आहारनीयमम् (āhāranīyamam) - a specific twelve-year dietary discipline (dietary regulation, rule of food, food restriction)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having performed

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic, recluse

• द्वादशवार्षिकम् (dvādaśavārṣikam) - twelve-year, lasting twelve years

• मरुम् (marum) - vital breaths (marut), referring to the mastery of prana. (desert, wasteland, vital breaths, wind)

• संसाध्य (saṁsādhya) - having mastered (the vital breaths) (having accomplished, having subdued, having perfected)

• यत्नेन (yatnena) - with effort, diligently, carefully

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, exists

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - earthly ruler, king, belonging to the earth

Words meanings and morphology

आहारनीयमम् (āhāranīyamam) - a specific twelve-year dietary discipline (dietary regulation, rule of food, food restriction)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āhāranīyama

āhāranīyama - dietary regulation, rule regarding food intake, food restriction

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āhāra+niyama)

• āhāra – food, eating, intake
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• niyama – rule, regulation, discipline, restriction
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Refers to a practice of controlling one's diet for ascetic purposes.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, having performed

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root kṛ with suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic, recluse

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, contemplative person

Note: The subject of the sentence.

द्वादशवार्षिकम् (dvādaśavārṣikam) - twelve-year, lasting twelve years

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dvādaśavārṣika

dvādaśavārṣika - lasting twelve years, twelve-yearly

Derived from dvādaśavarṣa (twelve years)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvādaśa+varṣa)

• dvādaśa – twelve
  numeral
• varṣa – year
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'āhāranīyamam'.

मरुम् (marum) - vital breaths (marut), referring to the mastery of prana. (desert, wasteland, vital breaths, wind)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of marut

marut - wind, air, vital breath, a class of deities (Maruts)

Note: Here, interpreted as vital breaths, referring to the practice of prāṇāyāma.

संसाध्य (saṁsādhya) - having mastered (the vital breaths) (having accomplished, having subdued, having perfected)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root sādh with prefix sam, and suffix -ya (l-yap)

Prefix: sam

Root: sādh (class 5)

यत्नेन (yatnena) - with effort, diligently, carefully

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, diligence, care

Root: yat (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, monarch, ruler

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - earthly ruler, king, belonging to the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, terrestrial, relating to the earth; a king, an earthly ruler

Derived from pṛthivī (earth)

Note: Used here as a noun, synonymous with 'king'.