महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-130, verse-41

शैवालं शीर्णपर्णं वा तद्व्रतो यो निषेवते ।
शीतयोगवहो नित्यं स गच्छेत्परमां गतिम् ॥४१॥

41. śaivālaṁ śīrṇaparṇaṁ vā tadvrato yo niṣevate ,
śītayogavaho nityaṁ sa gacchetparamāṁ gatim.

41. śaivālam śīrṇa-parṇam vā tad-vrataḥ yaḥ niṣevate
śīta-yoga-vahaḥ nityam saḥ gacchet paramām gatim

41. yaḥ tad-vrataḥ nityam śīta-yoga-vahaḥ śaivālam vā
śīrṇa-parṇam niṣevate saḥ paramām gatim gacchet

41. He who, observing that vow and constantly enduring cold, partakes of either moss or withered leaves, he would attain the supreme state.

Words meanings summery:

• शैवालम् (śaivālam) - moss, algae, water-plant

• शीर्ण-पर्णम् (śīrṇa-parṇam) - withered leaves

• वा (vā) - or, either, and

• तद्-व्रतः (tad-vrataḥ) - having that vow, observing that religious observance

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• निषेवते (niṣevate) - partakes of, uses, practises, resorts to, serves

• शीत-योग-वहः (śīta-yoga-vahaḥ) - enduring cold, bearing cold, practicing cold austerity

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, perpetually, always

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• गच्छेत् (gacchet) - would go, should go, would attain

• परमाम् (paramām) - supreme, highest, utmost

• गतिम् (gatim) - state, destination, path, course

Words meanings and morphology

शैवालम् (śaivālam) - moss, algae, water-plant

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaivāla

śaivāla - moss, algae, water-plant

शीर्ण-पर्णम् (śīrṇa-parṇam) - withered leaves

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śīrṇaparṇa

śīrṇaparṇa - withered leaves, dry leaves

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śīrṇa+parṇa)

• śīrṇa – withered, faded, decayed, fallen
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root śṝ
  Root: śṝ (class 9)
• parṇa – leaf, feather
  noun (neuter)

वा (vā) - or, either, and

(indeclinable)

तद्-व्रतः (tad-vrataḥ) - having that vow, observing that religious observance

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tadvrata

tadvrata - having that vow, observing that religious observance

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tad+vrata)

• tad – that, he, she, it
  pronoun
• vrata – vow, religious observance, sacred rule, discipline
  noun (neuter)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

निषेवते (niṣevate) - partakes of, uses, practises, resorts to, serves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ni-sev

Prefix: ni

Root: sev (class 1)

शीत-योग-वहः (śīta-yoga-vahaḥ) - enduring cold, bearing cold, practicing cold austerity

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śītayogavaha

śītayogavaha - bearing or enduring cold

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śīta+yoga+vaha)

• śīta – cold, cool, frigid
  adjective
• yoga – junction, application, practice, effort, means, endurance
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• vaha – bearing, carrying, bringing, enduring
  adjective
  Agent noun/adjective from root vah
  Root: vah (class 1)

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, perpetually, always

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गच्छेत् (gacchet) - would go, should go, would attain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

परमाम् (paramām) - supreme, highest, utmost

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, excellent, utmost

Note: Agrees with 'gatim'.

गतिम् (gatim) - state, destination, path, course

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, motion, path, course, state, condition, destination

Root: gam (class 1)