महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-130, verse-22

महेश्वर उवाच ।
स्वैरिणस्तापसा देवि सर्वे दारविहारिणः ।
तेषां मौण्ड्यं कषायश्च वासरात्रिश्च कारणम् ॥२२॥

22. maheśvara uvāca ,
svairiṇastāpasā devi sarve dāravihāriṇaḥ ,
teṣāṁ mauṇḍyaṁ kaṣāyaśca vāsarātriśca kāraṇam.

22. maheśvaraḥ uvāca svairiṇaḥ tāpasāḥ devi sarve dāravihāriṇaḥ
teṣām mauṇḍyam kaṣāyaḥ ca vāsarātriḥ ca kāraṇam

22. maheśvaraḥ uvāca devi sarve svairiṇaḥ tāpasāḥ dāravihāriṇaḥ
teṣām mauṇḍyam ca kaṣāyaḥ ca vāsarātriḥ ca kāraṇam

22. Maheśvara said: O Goddess, all those independent ascetics who engage with their wives—for them, shaving the head, wearing ochre robes, and observing day and night are the means (or practices).

Words meanings summery:

• महेश्वरः (maheśvaraḥ) - Maheśvara (a name of Śiva)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• स्वैरिणः (svairiṇaḥ) - independent, self-willed, free

• तापसाः (tāpasāḥ) - ascetics, hermits

• देवि (devi) - Addressed to Umā/Pārvatī (O Goddess)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• दारविहारिणः (dāravihāriṇaḥ) - engaging with wives, accompanied by wives

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• मौण्ड्यम् (mauṇḍyam) - shaving the head, baldness

• कषायः (kaṣāyaḥ) - ochre robe, brown color, ascetic's garment

• च (ca) - and

• वासरात्रिः (vāsarātriḥ) - day and night

• च (ca) - and

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason, means, practice

Words meanings and morphology

महेश्वरः (maheśvaraḥ) - Maheśvara (a name of Śiva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheśvara

maheśvara - great lord, a name of Śiva

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+īśvara)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

स्वैरिणः (svairiṇaḥ) - independent, self-willed, free

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svairin

svairin - acting of one's own accord, independent, unrestrained

तापसाः (tāpasāḥ) - ascetics, hermits

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāpasa

tāpasa - ascetic, hermit, one who practices austerity (tapas)

देवि (devi) - Addressed to Umā/Pārvatī (O Goddess)

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, queen

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

दारविहारिणः (dāravihāriṇaḥ) - engaging with wives, accompanied by wives

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dāravihārin

dāravihārin - engaging with wives, accompanied by wives, one who sports with his wife

Compound type : tatpurusha (dāra+vihārin)

• dāra – wife (often plural for singular sense)
  noun (masculine)
• vihārin – reveling, sporting, engaging (in activity)
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun (from root hṛ with vi)
  Derived from the root hṛ (to carry, take) with the prefix vi (apart, intensely)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मौण्ड्यम् (mauṇḍyam) - shaving the head, baldness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mauṇḍya

mauṇḍya - baldness, shaving the head (as a sign of asceticism)

कषायः (kaṣāyaḥ) - ochre robe, brown color, ascetic's garment

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaṣāya

kaṣāya - brownish-red, ochre (color); astringent; an ascetic's garment

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वासरात्रिः (vāsarātriḥ) - day and night

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsarātri

vāsarātri - day and night

Compound type : dvandva (vāsara+rātri)

• vāsara – day
  noun (masculine)
• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason, means, practice

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, means, motive

Root: kṛ (class 8)