महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-39, verse-17

तान्स संपूजयामास कौन्तेयो विधिवद्द्विजान् ।
धौम्यं गुरुं पुरस्कृत्य ज्येष्ठं पितरमेव च ॥१७॥

17. tānsa saṁpūjayāmāsa kaunteyo vidhivaddvijān ,
dhaumyaṁ guruṁ puraskṛtya jyeṣṭhaṁ pitarameva ca.

17. tān saḥ sampūjayām āsa kaunteyaḥ vidhivat dvijān
dhaumyam gurum puraskṛtya jyeṣṭham pitaram eva ca

17. kaunteyaḥ saḥ tān dvijān vidhivat sampūjayām āsa,
gurum dhaumyam ca eva jyeṣṭham pitaram puraskṛtya

17. The son of Kunti (Kaunteya) honored those twice-born ones (dvijān) according to the prescribed rites, respectfully placing his preceptor Dhaumya and his eldest paternal figure (pitaram) at the forefront.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - Refers to the Brahmins mentioned in the previous verse. (them, those)

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to `kaunteyaḥ`. (he, that)

• सम्पूजयाम् (sampūjayām) - worshipped, honored, venerated (part of periphrastic perfect)

• आस (āsa) - was (auxiliary verb)

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Refers to Yudhishthira, or any of the Pandavas, here likely the eldest, Yudhishthira. (son of Kunti)

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule, properly, ritually, according to sacred injunctions

• द्विजान् (dvijān) - Specifically Brahmins, as per the previous verse. (twice-born ones (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas))

• धौम्यम् (dhaumyam) - The family priest (guru) of the Pandavas. (Dhaumya (proper name))

• गुरुम् (gurum) - Referring to Dhaumya, the spiritual teacher (guru) of the Pandavas. (teacher, preceptor (guru))

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front, having honored, having respected

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - Describes the father being honored. (eldest, chief, most excellent)

• पितरम् (pitaram) - An elder paternal figure, possibly Dhritarashtra, Bhishma or Vyasa, treated with reverence. (father)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - Refers to the Brahmins mentioned in the previous verse. (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine accusative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun `tad`.

Note: Object of `sampūjayām āsa`.

सः (saḥ) - Refers to `kaunteyaḥ`. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative singular form of the demonstrative pronoun `tad`.

Note: Subject of `sampūjayām āsa`.

सम्पूजयाम् (sampūjayām) - worshipped, honored, venerated (part of periphrastic perfect)

(verb)

active, perfect (Lit) of sampūjayā

periphrastic perfect tense, accusative form used as auxiliary

Part of the periphrastic perfect tense formation of the causative of root `pūj` with prefix `sam`. The `-ām` ending is accusative singular feminine, used idiomatically with `as` to form the periphrastic perfect.

Prefix: sam

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Used in conjunction with `āsa` to form the periphrastic perfect.

आस (āsa) - was (auxiliary verb)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of as

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Perfect tense (Lit) form of root `as`. Used as an auxiliary verb in periphrastic perfect constructions.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb for the periphrastic perfect.

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Refers to Yudhishthira, or any of the Pandavas, here likely the eldest, Yudhishthira. (son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti

A patronymic formed from Kuntī.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule, properly, ritually, according to sacred injunctions

(indeclinable)

Formed from `vidhi` (rule) with the `vat` suffix (like).

द्विजान् (dvijān) - Specifically Brahmins, as per the previous verse. (twice-born ones (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth

Compound of `dvi` (twice) and `ja` (born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun / adjective
  Derived from root `jan` (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of `sampūjayām āsa`.

धौम्यम् (dhaumyam) - The family priest (guru) of the Pandavas. (Dhaumya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhaumya

dhaumya - Dhaumya (name of the family priest of the Pandavas)

Note: Object of `puraskṛtya`.

गुरुम् (gurum) - Referring to Dhaumya, the spiritual teacher (guru) of the Pandavas. (teacher, preceptor (guru))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, heavy, important (guru)

Note: Appositive to `dhaumyam`.

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front, having honored, having respected

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form of root `kṛ` (to do, make) with prefix `puras`.

Prefix: puras

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Absolutive modifies the main verb `sampūjayām āsa`.

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - Describes the father being honored. (eldest, chief, most excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, chief, most excellent

Superlative degree of `vṛddha` (old) or `praśasya` (excellent).

Note: Agrees with `pitaram`.

पितरम् (pitaram) - An elder paternal figure, possibly Dhritarashtra, Bhishma or Vyasa, treated with reverence. (father)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Object of `puraskṛtya`.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, exactly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes `pitaram`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `gurum dhaumyam` with `jyeṣṭham pitaram`.