महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-39, verse-2

स राजमार्गः शुशुभे समलंकृतचत्वरः ।
यथा चन्द्रोदये राजन्वर्धमानो महोदधिः ॥२॥

2. sa rājamārgaḥ śuśubhe samalaṁkṛtacatvaraḥ ,
yathā candrodaye rājanvardhamāno mahodadhiḥ.

2. saḥ rājamārgaḥ śuśubhe samalaṅkṛtacatvaraḥ |
yathā candrodaye rājan vardhamānaḥ mahodadhiḥ

2. O king, that royal road, with its squares well-decorated, shone beautifully, just as the great ocean swells at moonrise.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• राजमार्गः (rājamārgaḥ) - royal road, main street

• शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - shone, was beautiful, appeared splendid

• समलङ्कृतचत्वरः (samalaṅkṛtacatvaraḥ) - having well-decorated squares/courtyards

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

• चन्द्रोदये (candrodaye) - at moonrise, at the rising of the moon

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• वर्धमानः (vardhamānaḥ) - swelling, growing, increasing

• महोदधिः (mahodadhiḥ) - great ocean

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राजमार्गः (rājamārgaḥ) - royal road, main street

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājamārga

rājamārga - royal road, main street

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+mārga)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• mārga – road, path, way
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛj

शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - shone, was beautiful, appeared splendid

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of śubh

Perfect Tense (Lit)

3rd person singular perfect tense, Ātmanepada

Root: śubh (class 1)

समलङ्कृतचत्वरः (samalaṅkṛtacatvaraḥ) - having well-decorated squares/courtyards

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samalaṅkṛtacatvara

samalaṅkṛtacatvara - having its squares or courtyards well-decorated

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sam+alaṅkṛta+catvara)

• sam – together, completely, well
  indeclinable
• alaṅkṛta – decorated, adorned
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ with prefix alaṃ (to decorate)
  Prefix: alam
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• catvara – square, courtyard, public place
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'rājamārgaḥ'

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

(indeclinable)

चन्द्रोदये (candrodaye) - at moonrise, at the rising of the moon

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of candrodaya

candrodaya - moonrise, rising of the moon

Compound type : tatpurusha (candra+udaya)

• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)
• udaya – rising, ascent, appearance
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ud + root i (to go)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Note: Addressed to Janamejaya

वर्धमानः (vardhamānaḥ) - swelling, growing, increasing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vardhamāna

vardhamāna - swelling, growing, increasing, prosperous

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vṛdh (to grow, swell), Ātmanepada

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mahodadhiḥ'

महोदधिः (mahodadhiḥ) - great ocean

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahodadhi

mahodadhi - great ocean, sea

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+udadhi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Stem form of 'mahat'
• udadhi – ocean, sea, reservoir of water
  noun (masculine)