महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-39, verse-16

स संवृतस्तदा विप्रैराशीर्वादविवक्षुभिः ।
शुशुभे विमलश्चन्द्रस्तारागणवृतो यथा ॥१६॥

16. sa saṁvṛtastadā viprairāśīrvādavivakṣubhiḥ ,
śuśubhe vimalaścandrastārāgaṇavṛto yathā.

16. saḥ saṃvṛtaḥ tadā vipraiḥ āśīrvādavivakṣubhiḥ
śuśubhe vimalaḥ candraḥ tārāgaṇavṛtaḥ yathā

16. tadā saḥ āśīrvādavivakṣubhiḥ vipraiḥ saṃvṛtaḥ,
yathā tārāgaṇavṛtaḥ vimalaḥ candraḥ śuśubhe

16. Then, he was surrounded by Brahmins who desired to speak blessings, just as the spotless moon shines, encircled by a host of stars.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the glorious and renowned one from the previous verse. (he, that)

• संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - surrounded, covered, encompassed

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• विप्रैः (vipraiḥ) - by Brahmins

• आशीर्वादविवक्षुभिः (āśīrvādavivakṣubhiḥ) - Refers to the Brahmins. (by those desiring to speak blessings)

• शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - shone, was resplendent, appeared beautiful

• विमलः (vimalaḥ) - spotless, pure, stainless

• चन्द्रः (candraḥ) - moon

• तारागणवृतः (tārāgaṇavṛtaḥ) - surrounded by a host of stars

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which manner

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the glorious and renowned one from the previous verse. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative singular form of the demonstrative pronoun `tad`.

संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - surrounded, covered, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvṛta

saṁvṛta - surrounded, covered, encompassed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root `vṛ` (to cover, enclose) with prefix `sam`.

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ`.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb from `tad`.

विप्रैः (vipraiḥ) - by Brahmins

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, inspired, wise

Note: Agent of `saṃvṛtaḥ`.

आशीर्वादविवक्षुभिः (āśīrvādavivakṣubhiḥ) - Refers to the Brahmins. (by those desiring to speak blessings)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āśīrvādavivakṣu

āśīrvādavivakṣu - desiring to speak blessings

Desiderative derivative

Compound of `āśīrvāda` (blessing) and `vivakṣu` (desiring to speak), which is a desiderative derivative from root `vac` (to speak).

Compound type : tatpurusha (āśīrvāda+vivakṣu)

• āśīrvāda – blessing, benediction
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of `āśīs` (wish, blessing) and `vāda` (speaking).
• vivakṣu – desiring to speak
  adjective (masculine)
  Desiderative noun/adjective
  Desiderative form of root `vac` (to speak), with the suffix `u`.
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `vipraiḥ`.

शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - shone, was resplendent, appeared beautiful

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (Lit) of śubh

perfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice

Perfect tense (Lit) middle voice form of root `śubh`.

Root: śubh (class 1)

विमलः (vimalaḥ) - spotless, pure, stainless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vimala

vimala - spotless, pure, stainless

Compound of `vi` (without) and `mala` (impurity).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+mala)

• vi – without, apart, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix denoting separation or absence.
• mala – dirt, impurity, stain
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `candraḥ`.

चन्द्रः (candraḥ) - moon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of candra

candra - moon, shining

Derived from root `cand` (to shine).

Root: cand (class 1)

Note: Subject of `śuśubhe` in the simile.

तारागणवृतः (tārāgaṇavṛtaḥ) - surrounded by a host of stars

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tārāgaṇavṛta

tārāgaṇavṛta - surrounded by a host of stars

Tatpurusha compound: `tārāgaṇa` (host of stars) + `vṛta` (surrounded by). `vṛta` is PPP of `vṛ` (to cover).

Compound type : tatpurusha (tārāgaṇa+vṛta)

• tārāgaṇa – host of stars, multitude of stars
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of `tārā` (star) and `gaṇa` (group, host).
• vṛta – surrounded, covered, chosen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root `vṛ` (to cover, enclose).
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `candraḥ`.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which manner

(indeclinable)